The authors explore gender differences in faculty perceptions and experiences of student behavior as well as in class workload and policies. Overall, more similarities were found between males and females than differences. Both genders report experiencing the same number of classroom disruptions, requests for exceptions to due dates, and similar levels of respect, and students seek advice on personal matters from them in equal numbers. However, some gender differences do exist. Females are more likely to report being addressed as fiMs.fl or fiMrs.fl rather than fiDr.,fl and they believe that students see them as setting high standards and assigning a challenging workload more than males. Conversely, males are more likely to think that their students see them as experts, perceive them to have a lot of business experience, and consider them humorous. The information reported is an important start in assessing the academic climate in marketing departments for both genders.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abramson, P. , P. Goldberg, J. Greenberg, and L. Abramson. 1977. The talking platypus phenomenon: Competency ratings as a function of sex and professional status. Psychology of Women Quarterly2: 114-124.
2.
Barbezat, Debra A.1987. Salary differentials by sex in the academic labor market. Journal of Human Resources22 (summer): 422-428.
3.
Barbezat, Debra A.1991. Updating estimates of male-female salary differentials in the academic labor market. Economic Letters (June): 191-195.
4.
Barreca, Regina . 1991. They used to call me snow white … but I drifted: Women™s strategic use of humor. New York: Viking.
5.
Basow, Susan . 1992. Gender stereotypes and roles. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
6.
Basow, Susan A. , and M. Suzan Distenfeld. 1985. Teacher expressiveness: More important formales than females?Journal of Educational Psychology77 (1): 45-52.
7.
Bem, S.1981. Bem sex role inventory: Professional manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
8.
Bennett, S.1982. Student perceptions and expectations for male and female instructors: Evidence relating to the question of gender bias in teaching evaluation. Journal of Educational Psychology74: 170-179.
9.
Broder, Ivy E.1993. Professional achievements and gender differences among academic economists. Economic Inquiry31 (January): 116-127.
10.
Broverman, I. , S. Vogel, D. Broverman, E. Clarkson, and P. Rosenkrantz. 1972. Sex role stereotypes: A current appraisal. Journal of Social Issues28 (2): 59-78.
11.
Brown, Bettina Lankard . 1997. New learning strategies for generation X. Clearinghouse on adult, career and vocational education. Columbus, OH. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 184)
12.
Brown, Roger , and Marguerite Ford. 1961. Address in American English. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology62: 375-385.
13.
Canada, Katherine , and Richard Pringle. 1995. The role of gender in college classroom interactions: A social context approach. Sociology of Education68 (July): 161-186.
14.
Dukes, Richard L. , and Gay Victoria. 1989. The effects of gender status, and effective teaching on the evaluation of college instruction. Teaching Sociology17 (October): 447-457.
15.
Fandt, M. Patricia , Pamela S. Lewis, and Charlotte D. Sutton. 1990. Students™ gender bias: Effects of previous experience with female professors. Journal of Education for Business (November/December): 101-105.
16.
Feldman, Kenneth A.1992. College students™ views of male and female college teachers: Part IŠEvidence from the social laboratory and experiments. Research in Higher Education33 (3): 317-375.
17.
Feldman, Kenneth A.1993. College students™ views of male and female college teachers: Part IIŠEvidence from students™ evaluations of their classroom teachers. Research in Higher Education34 (2): 151-191.
18.
Franzini, L. R.1996. Feminism and women™s sense of humor. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research35 (December): 811-819.
19.
Goldberg, Philip A.1968. Are women prejudiced against women?Transaction5:28-30.
20.
Harris, M. B.1976. The effects of sex, sex-stereotypical descriptions, and institution on evaluations of teachers. Sex Roles2: 15-21.
21.
Hayghe, Howard V.1997. Developments in women™s labor force participation. Monthly Labor Review120 (September): 41-46.
22.
Henly, N.1973-74. Power, sex, and nonverbal communication. Berkeley Journal of Sociology18: 1-26.
23.
Heward,C. , and P. Taylor. 1992. Women at the top in higher education: Equal opportunities policies in action?Policy and Politics20: 111-121.
24.
Kahn, Shulamit . 1993. Gender differences in academic career paths of economists. American Economic Review83 (2): 52-56.
25.
Kaschak, Ellyn . 1981. Another look at sex bias in students™ evaluations of professors: Do winners get the recognition that they have been given?. Psychology of Women Quarterly5 (5): 757-772.
26.
Kierstead, Diane , Patti D™agostino, and Heidi Dill. 1988. Sex role stereotyping of college professors: Bias in students™ ratings of instructors. Journal of Educational Psychology80 (3): 342-344.
27.
Kramarae, Cheris . 1981. Women and men speaking: Frameworks for analysis. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
28.
Kramer, C.1975. Sex-related differences in address systems. Anthropological Linguistics17: 198-210.
29.
Martin, Claire . 1997. ADD not the real problem. Denver Post, 26 October, 5E-5E.
30.
McNabb, Robert , and Victoria Wass. 1997. Male-female salary differentials in British universities. Oxford Economic Papers49 (July): 328-344.
31.
Ranking, B. 1981. Gender and student evaluation of college teachers. Unpublished paper, Auburn University, Montgomery.
32.
Raymond, Richard D. ,Michael L. Sesnowitz, and Donald R. Williams. 1988. Does sex still matter? New evidence from the 1980s. Economic Inquiry26 (January): 43-58.
33.
Rubin, Rebecca B. 1980. Ideal traits and terms of address for male and female college professors. Paper presented at the Speech Communication Association annual convention, November, New York.
34.
Sandler, Bernice R.1991. Women faculty at work in the classroom, or, why it still hurts to be a woman in labor. Communication Education40 (January): 6-15.
35.
Smithson, Isaiah . 1990. Introduction: Investigating gender, power, and pedagogy. In Gender in the classroom: Power and pedagogy, edited by Susan L. Gabriel and Isaiah Smithson, 1-27. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
36.
Stanley, Linda , and Kathleen Kelly. 1997. The impact of gender attractiveness on students™ perceptions of business faculty: The investigation continues. Paper presented at annual meeting of the Western Decision Sciences Institute, March, Hawaii.
37.
Statham, Anne , Laurel Richardson, and Judith A. Cook. 1991. Gender and university teaching: A negotiated difference. Albany: State University of New York Press.
38.
Street, Sue , Ellen Kimmel, and Jeffrey D. Kromrey. 1995. University faculty gender roles perceptions. Sex Roles32 (5/6): 407-422.
39.
Street, Sue , and P. Meek. 1980. Greek and non-Greek student perceptions of sex roles. Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators and Counselors43: 10-14.
40.
Swaffield, Bruce C. 1996. What happens when male professors enact feminist pedagogies? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, March, Milwaukee, WI.
41.
Tannen, Deborah . 1994. Talking from 9 to 5. New York: William Morrow.
42.
Tompkins, Jane . 1996. A life in school: What the teacher learned. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
43.
Wolff, Michael F.1996. Glass ceiling may start with Ph.D. education. Research-Technology Management39 (May/June): 7-7.
44.
Young, Beth A. , and Thomas M. Smith. 1997. The social context of education: The condition of education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
45.
Zikmund, Barbara Brown . 1988. The well-being of academic women is still being sabotaged by colleagues, by students, and by themselves. Chronicle of Higher Education198 (September): A44-A44.
