This study reports the results of a semester of instruction in creativity theory and techniques as assessed by the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. In comparison to a control group, experimental subjects improved performance on some aspects of creativity, suggesting a need to investigate associations between techniques and dimensions of creative skills.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abra, Jock (1988). "Should We Be Studying `Creativity'?"Creative Child and Adult Quarterly, 14 (3): 168-175.
2.
Amabile, Teresa M. (1983). "The Social Psychology of Creativity: A Componential Conceptualization."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45 (2): 357-376.
3.
Amabile, Teresa M. (1990). "Motivation and Personal Histories." In Theories of Creativity, edited by Mark A. Runco and Robert S. Albert. London: Sage Publications.
4.
Amabile, Teresa M. , Beth Ann Hennessey, and Barbara S. Grossman (1986). "Social Influences on Creativity: The Effects of Contracted—for Reward."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50 (1): 14-23.
5.
Baloche, Lynda , Diane Montgomery, Kay S. Bull, and B. Keith Salyer (1992). "Faculty Perceptions of College Creativity Courses."Journal of Creative Behavior, 26 (4): 222-234.
6.
Bhide, Amar (1994). "How Entrepreneurs Craft Strategies That Work."Harvard Business Review, 72 (March-April): 150-161.
7.
Boden, Margaret A. (1994). "What Is Creativity?" In Dimensions of Creativity, edited by Margaret A. Boden. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
8.
Clapham, Maria Maciejczyk , and Donald H. Schuster (1992). "Can Engineering Students Be Trained to Think More Creatively?"Journal of Creative Behavior. 26 (3): 156-161.
9.
Crawford, Robert R. (1978). "The Techniques of Creative Thinking." In Training Creative Thinking, edited Gary A. Davis and Joseph A. Scott. Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Publishing.
10.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1988). "Society, Culture, and Person: A Systems View of Creativity." In The Nature of Creativity—Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, edited by Robert J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 325-339.
11.
Dacey, John S. (1989). Fundamentals of Creative Thinking. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
12.
Ebert III, Edward S. (1994). "The Cognitive Spiral: Creative Thinking and Cognitive Processing."Journal of Creative Behavior, 28 (4): 275-290.
13.
Farnham, Alan (1994). "How to Nurture Creative Sparks."Fortune, 129 (1): 94-100.
14.
Feldhusen, John F. , and Ban Eng Goh (1995). "Assessing and Accessing Creativity: An Integrative Review of Theory, Research, and Development."Creativity Research Journal, 8 (3): 231-247.
15.
Fernald Jr., Lloyd W. (1989). "A New Trend: Creative and Innovative Corporate Environments."Journal of Creative Behavior, 23 (3): 208-212.
16.
Ford, Donna Y. , and J. John Harris III (1992). "The Elusive Definition of Creativity."Journal of Creative Behavior, 26 (3): 186-198.
17.
Gilbert, Faye W. , Penelope J. Prenshaw, and Thomas T. Ivy (1992). "Creativity through Education: A Process for Enhancing Students' Self-Perceptions."Journal of Marketing Education, 14 (Spring): 35-40.
18.
Goff, Kathy (1992). "Enhancing Creativity in Older Adults."Journal of Creative Behavior, 26 (1): 40-49.
19.
Gordon, Jack , and Ron Zemke (1986). "Making Them More Creative."Training, 23 (May): 30-45.
20.
Grossman, Stephen (1994). "Transcendence as a Subset of Evolutionary Thinking: A Darwinian View of the Creative Experience."Journal of Creative Behavior, 28 (4): 227-238.
21.
Gruber, Howard E. , and Sara N. Davis (1988). "Inching Our Way Up Mount Olympus: The Evolving-Systems Approach to Creative Thinking." In The Nature of Creativity—Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, edited by Robert J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 243-270.
22.
Guilford, J.P. (1959). Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill.
23.
Hennessey, Beth A. , and Teresa M. Amabile (1988). "The Conditions of Creativity." In The Nature of Creativity—Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, edited by Robert J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 11-38.
24.
Hunsaker, Scott L. (1992). "Toward an Ethnographic Perspective on Creativity Research."Journal of Creative Behavior, 26 (4): 235-240.
25.
Klein, Ronald D. (1982). "An Inquiry into the Factors Related to Creativity."Elementary School Journal, 82 (3): 256-265.
26.
McCrae, Robert R. (1987). "Creativity, Divergent Thinking, and Openness to Experience."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 (6): 1,258-1,265.
27.
O'Neal, Michael (1993). "Just What Is an Entrepreneur?" Enterprise 1993: How Entrepreneurs Are Reshaping the Economy and What Big Companies Can Learn. Business Week, (Special 1993 Bonus Issue): 104-112.
28.
Osborn, Alex F. (1963). Applied Imagination. 3d ed.New York: Charles Scribner.
29.
Pagano, Alicia (1979). "Learning and Creativity."Journal of Creative Behavior, 13 (2): 127-138.
30.
Pickard, Eileen (1990). "Toward a Theory of Creative Potential."Journal of Creative Behavior, 24 (1): 1-9.
31.
Ramocki, Stephen P. (1994). "It Is Time to Teach Creativity throughout the Marketing Curriculum."Journal of Marketing Education, 16 (Summer): 15-25.
32.
Richards, Ruth , Dennis K. Kinney, Maria Benet, and Ann P.C. Merzel (1988). "Assessing Everyday Creativity: Characteristics of the Lifetime Creativity Scales and Validation with Three Large Samples."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (3): 476-485.
33.
Runco, Mark A. (1990). "Implicit Theories and Ideational Creativity." In Theories of Creativity, edited by Mark A. Runco and Robert S. Albert. London: Sage Publications.
34.
Sexton, Donald L. , and John D. Kasarda (1992). The State of the Art of Entrepreneurship. Boston: Pws—Kent Publishing.
Shalley, Christina E. (1991). "Effects of Productivity Goals, Creativity Goals, and Personal Discretion on Individual Creativity."Journal of Applied Psychology, 76 (2): 179-185.
37.
Slabbert, Johannes A. (1994). "Creativity in Education Revisited: Reflection in Aid of Progression."Journal of Creative Behavior, 28 (1): 60-69.
38.
Sternberg, Robert J. (1986). "Intelligence, Wisdom, and Creativity: Three Is Better Than One."Educational Psychologist, 2 (3): 175-190.
39.
Sternberg, Robert J. (1988). "A Three-Facet Model of Creativity." In The Nature of Creativity—Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, edited by Robert J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 429-440.
40.
Tardif, Twila Z. , and Robert J. Sternberg (1988). "What Do We Know about Creativity?" In The Nature of Creativity—Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, edited by Robert J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 429-440.
41.
Tauber, Edward M. (1972). "HIT: Heuristic Ideation Technique—A Systematic Procedure for New Product Search."Journal of Marketing, 36 (January): 58-61.
42.
Taylor, Calvin W. (1988). "Various Approaches to and Definitions of Creativity." In The Nature of Creativity—Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, edited by Robert J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 99-121.
43.
Torrance, E. Paul (1988). "The Nature of Creativity As Manifest in its Testing." In The Nature of Creativity—Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, edited by Robert J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 43-75.
44.
Torrance, E. Paul (1990). Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Bensenville, IL: Scholastic Testing Service.
45.
Vervalin, Charles H. (1978). "Just What Is Creativity?" In Training Creative Thinking, edited by Gary A. Davis and Joseph A. Scott. Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Publishing.
46.
Wallenstein, Andrew (1993). "Can You Teach Entrepreneurship?" Enterprise 1993: How Entrepreneurs Are Reshaping the Economy and What Big Companies Can Learn. Business Week, (Special 1993 Bonus Issue): 139-143.
47.
Weisberg, Robert W. (1988). "Problem Solving and Creativity." In The Nature of Creativity—Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, edited by Robert J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 148-176.