Crowded sections of certain marketing classes necessitate use of multiple versions of objective exams which vary in test question sequences. The current experiment examines the effect of question sequencing on exam performance as it relates to memory factors. Question sequencing is found to affect exam performance, and a method is suggested to avoid exam inequivalency and to eliminate possible unconscious biasing of student grades.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anderson, J. R. and G. H. Bower (1972), "Recognition and Retrieval Processes in Free Recall,"Psychological Review, 79, 97-123.
2.
Anderson, J. R. and G. H. Bower (1974), "A Propositional Theory of Recognition Memory,"Memory and Cognition, 2, 406-412.
3.
Araujo, J. and G. Semb (1979), "Effects of Item Order on Student Performance," paper presented at the 87th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, New York.
4.
Calder, B. J. , L. W. Phillips, and A. M. Tybout (1981), "Designing Research for Application,"Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 197-207.
5.
Flaugher, R. L. , R. S. Melton, and C. T. Myers (1968), "Item Rearrangement Under Typical Test Conditions,"Educational & Psychological Measurement, 28, 813-824.
6.
Hughes, G. E. , R. E. Prytula, and J. F. Schnelle (1974), "Relationship between a Forward Learning Set and Three Orders of Multiple Choice Examinations,"Psychological Reports, 34, 727-733.
7.
Kintsch, W. (1968), "Recognition and Free Recall of Organized Lists,"Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78, 481-487.
8.
Kintsch, W. (1974), Representation and Meaning, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
9.
Kleinke, D. J. (1980), "Item Order, Response Location, and Examinee Sex and Handedness on Performance on Multiple-Choice Tests,"Journal of Educational Research, 74, 225-228.
10.
Loftus, G. R. and E. F. Loftus (1976), Human Memory, Hilsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
11.
Mandler, G. (1980), "Recognizing: The Judgment of Previous Occurrence,"Psychological Review, 87, 252-271.
12.
Marso, R. N. (1970), "Test Item Arrangement, Testing Time, and Performance,"Journal of Educational Measurement, 7, 113-118.
13.
Norman, R. D. (1954), "The Effects of a Forward-Retention Set on an Objective Achievement Test Presented Forwards or Backwards,"Journal of Educational & Psychological Measurement, 14, 487-498.
14.
Sax, G. and T. R. Cromack (1966), "The Effects of Various Forms of Item Arrangement on Test Performance,"Journal of Educational Measurement, 3, 309-311.
15.
Schmitt, J. C. and C. J. Scheirer (1977), "The Effect of Item Order on Objective Tests,"Teaching of Psychology, 4, 144-145.
16.
Singh, S. N. and M. L. Rothschild (1983), "The Effect of Recall on Recognition: An Empirical Investigation of Consecutive Learning Measures," in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. X, R. Bagozzi and A. Tybout, eds., San Francisco: Association for Consumer Research, pp. 271-276.
17.
Tulving, E. (1976), "Ecphoric Processes in Recall and Recognition," in Recall and Recognition, J. Brown, ed., London: Wiley.
18.
Tulving, E. and D. M. Thomson (1971), "Retrieval Processes in Recognition Memory: Effects of Associative Context,"Journal of Experimental Psychology, 87, 116-124.
19.
Tulving, E. and D. M. Thomson (1973), "Encoding Specificity and Retrieval Processes in Episodic Memory,"Psychological Review, 80, 352-373.
20.
Tulving, E. and M. J. Watkins (1973), "Continuity Between Recall and Recognition,"American Journal of Psychology, 86, 739-748.
