The Clearing "Haze"

Feinstein AR Clinical biostatistics; XXXIX. The haze of Bayes, the aerial palaces of decision analysis, and the computerized Ouija board . Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1977;21:482-96.

Ledley RS , Lusted LB Reasoning foundations of medical diagnosis. Science. 1959;130:9-21.

Lusted LB Some roots of clinical decision making. Assoc. Computing Machinery Conference on the History of Medical Informatics . National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, November 2-6, 1987. In: Blum BI, Duncan K, eds. A history of medical informatics . New York: ACM Press, Addison-Wesley, 1990 .

Lusted LB Introduction to medical decision making. Springfield, IL : Charles C Thomas, 1968.

Bell RS , Loop JW The utility and futility of radiographic skull examination for trauma. N Engl J Med. 1971;284:236-9.

Warner HR , Toronto AF , Veasy LG , et al. A mathematical approach to medical diagnosis. Application to congenital heart disease. JAMA. 1961;177:177-83.

deDombal FT , Leaper DJ , Staniland JR , et al. Computer-aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Br Med J. 1972;2:9-13.

Edwards W. , Phillips LD , Hays WL , Goodman BC Probabilistic information processing systems. IEEE Trans Systems Science Cybernetics. 1968;SSC-4:248-65.

Edwards W. , Lindman H. , Savage LJ Bayesian statistical inference for psychological research. Psychol Rev. 1963;70:193-242.

Savage LJ , The foundations of statistics. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1954;2. (2nd rev. ed. New York: Dover, 1972.)

Schlaifer R. Probability and statistics for business decisions . New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.

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deFinetti B. Probability, induction and statistics. London: Wiley and Sons, 1972. [Note: This book is an excellent condensation of material originally written in Italian by Professor deFinetti and published in journals not readily available now. Bruno deFinetti was Professor of the Theory of Probability at the University of Rome. Leonard J. Savage, who considered himself a founder of the statistical point of view called Bayesian, was very clear about his intellectual debt to deFinetti, who expounded in 1937 a view (a personalistic one) of the foundations of probability, i.e., that probabilities are in some sense subjective. It was my good fortune to meet and to discuss the use of Bayes' theorem and a Bayesian approach to medical decision making with both Professor deFinetti and Professor Savage. Both were very interested in the medical application of Bayesian statistics.]

Lusted LB Introduction to medical decision making. Digest of the 7th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering , Stockholm, Sweden, 1967;297.

Lusted LB ROC recollected. Med Decis Making. 1984;4:131-5.

Lusted LB Logical analysis in roentgen diagnosis. Radiology. 1960;74:178-93.

Middleton D. The statistical theory of detection: I. Optimum detection of signals in noise . Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Lincoln Laboratories, Technical Report No 35, 1953.

Green DM , Swets JA Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1966.

Swets JA , ed. Signal detection and recognition by human observers. New York: Wiley and Sons, 1964.

Goodenough DJ , Rossmann K. , Lusted LB Radiographic applications of signal detection theory. Radiology. 1972 ;105:199-200.

Goodenough DJ , Rossmann K. , Lusted LB Radiographic application of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Radiology. 1974 ;110:89-95.

Alcorn FS , O'Donnell E. Mammogram screeners: modified program learning for nonradiologic personnel . Radiology. 1968;90: 336-8.

Alcorn FS , O'Donnell E. The training of nonphysician personnel for use in a mammography program . Cancer. 1969;23:879-83.

Lusted LB Decision making studies in patient management. N Engl J Med. 1971;284:416-24.

Metz CE Basic principles of ROC analysis. Semin Nucl Med. 1978;8:283-98.

Thornbury JR , Fryback DG , Edwards W. Likelihood ratios as a measure of the diagnostic usefulness of excretory urogram information. Radiology. 1975;114:561-4.

Lusted LB A study of the efficacy of diagnostic radiologic procedures. Final report on diagnostic efficacy, May 31, 1977. The American College of Radiology. 1891 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 22091. (Report out of print.)

Ingelfinger FJ Decision in medicine. N Engl J Med. 1975;293: 254-5.

Saenger EL , Buncher CR , Specker BL , McDevitt RA Determination of clinical efficacy: nuclear medicine as applied to lung scanning . J Nucl Med. 1985;26:793-806.

Lusted LB In the process of solution. N Engl J Med. 1975;293: 255-6.

Lusted LB A society and a journal. Med Decis Making. 1981;1: 7-9.

Pliskin JS , Stason WB , Weinstein MC , et al. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: clinical decision making and cost-effectiveness analysis. Med Decis Making. 1981;1:10-28.

Sox HC , Blatt MA , Higgins MC , Marton KI Medical decision making. Boston: Butterworths, 1988.

Albert DA , Munson R. , Resnick MD Reasoning in medicine. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

Eddy DM , Hasseblad V. , Shachter R. An introduction to a Bayesian method for meta-analysis. Med Decis Making. 1990;10: 15-23.

Matchar DB , Simel DL , Geweke JF , Feussner JR A Bayesian method for evaluating medical test operating characteristics when some patients' conditions fail to be diagnosed by the reference standard . Med Decis Making. 1990;10:102-11.