Physicians' Misunderstanding of Normal Findings

Gorry GA , Pauker SG , Schwartz WB : The diagnostic importance of the normal finding. N Engl J Med 298:486-489, 1978

Bourne LE Jr , Guy DE : Learning conceptual rules. II. The role of positive and negative instances. J Exp Psychol 77:488-494, 1968

Nahinsky ID , Slaymaker FL : Use of negative instances in conjunctive concept identification. J Exp Psychol 84:64-84, 1970

Hules SH , Deese J. , Egeth H. : The Psychology of Learning (4th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975

Christensen-Szalanski Jjj , Bushyhead JB : Physicians' use of probabilistic information in a real clinical setting. J Exp Psychol [Hum Percept] 7:928-935, 1981 6. Bushyhead JB , Christensen-Szalanski Jjj : Feedback and the illusion of validity in a medical clinic. Med Decis Making 1:115-123, 1981

Bushyhead JB , Wood RW , Tompkins RW , et al: The effect of chest radiographs on the management and outcome of patients with acute cough. Med Care 21:661-673, 1983

Weinstein ML , Fineberg HV , Elstein AS, et al: Clinical Decision Analysis. Philadelphia : Saunders, 1980

DeDombal FT , Leaper DJ , Horrocks JC , et al: Human and computer-aided diagnosis of abdominal pain. Further report with emphasis on performance of clinicians. Br Med J 1:376-380, 1974

Thornbury JR , Fryback DG , Kuhns LR : Application of case series review results to the evaluation of individual cases in diagnostic radiology. Am J Roentgenol 133:909-912, 1979

Dos Remidios LV , Weber PM , Feldman R. , et al: Detecting unsuspected thyroid dysfunction by the free thyroxemia index. Arch Intern Med 140:1045-1049, 1980

Eisenberg RL , Heineben P. , Hedgcock MW , Federle M. , Goldberg I. : Evaluation of plain abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis of abdominal pain. Ann Intern Med 97:257-261, 1982

Griner PF , Mayewski RJ , Mushlin AI , Greenland P. : Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures. Principles and applications. Ann Intern Med 94:453-600, 1981

Feinstein AR : Clinical Biostatistics. St. Louis: Mosby, 1977