Education

Carels EJ , Neuhauser D , Stason W , eds: The Physician and Cost Control . Cambridge, MA: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain, 1980

Fuchs VR : Who Shall Live? New York: Basic Books, 1974

Griner PF , et al: Use of laboratory tests in a teaching hospital: Long term trends . Ann Intern Med 90:243-248, 1979

Eisenberg JM , Williams SV , Garner L. , et al: Computer based audit to detect and correct overutilization of laboratory tests. Med Care 15:915-921, 1978

Hudson J. , Breslow J. : Cost containment education efforts in United States medical schools. J Med Educ 54:835-840, 1979

Eisenberg JM , Williams SV : Cost containment and changing physicians' practice behavior. JAMA 246:2195-2201, 1981

Greenland P. , Mushlin AI , Griner PF : Discrepancies between knowledge and use of diagnostic studies in asymptomatic patients. J Med Educ 54:863-869, 1979

Griner PF , Mayewski RJ , Mushlin AI , Greenland P. : Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures. Principles and application. Ann Intern Med 94:553-600, 1981

Galen RS , Gambino SR : Beyond Normality. The Predictive Value and Efficiency of Medical Diagnoses . New York: Wiley, 1975

Weinstein MC , Fineberg HV , Elstein AS , et al: Clinical Decision Analysis. Philadelphia : Saunders, 1980

Pauker SG , Kassirer JP : The threshold approach to clinical decision making. N Engl J Med 302:1109-1117, 1980

Elstein AS : Educational programs in medical decision making. Med Decis Making 1:70-73, 1981

Elstein AS , Shulman LS , Sprafka SA : Medical problem solving. An analysis of clinical reasoning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1978