Providing early childhood special education services to children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a challenge. This challenge requires flexibility and an awareness of best-practice recommendations for children with disabilities and special health care needs. This article provides a framework for early childhood special educators as they develop and implement service systems for this growing population of children.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bailey, D. B., & Winton, P. J. (1987). Stability and change in parents' expectations about mainstreaming. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 7, 73–88.
2.
Belman, A., Diamond, G., Dickson, D., Horoupian, D., Llena, J., Lantos, G., & Rubinstein, A. (1988). Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Neurological syndromes. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 142, 29–35.
3.
Bricker, D. (1978). Rationale for the integration of handicapped and non handicapped preschool children. In M. Guralnick (Ed.), Early intervention and the integration of handicapped and non handicapped preschool children. (pp. 3–26). Baltimore: University Park Press.
4.
Bricker, D., & Cripe, J. (1992). An activity based approach to early intervention. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
5.
Bruder, M. (1993). The provision of early intervention and early childhood special education within community early childhood programs: Characteristics of effective service delivery. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 13, 19–37.
6.
Bruder, N., & Cole, M. (1991). Critical elements of transition from NICU to home and follow-up. Children's Health Care, 20, (1), 40–49.
7.
Bruder, M., & Nikitas, T. (1992). Changing the professional practice of early interventionists: An inservice model to meet the needs of Public Law 99--457. Journal of Early Intervention, 16, 173–180.
8.
Bruder, M., & Walker, L. (1990). Discharge planning: Hospital to home transitions for infants. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 9, 26–42.
9.
Capobres, B. G. (1992). Pediatric HIV/AIDS: An introduction for early interventionists. Infant-Toddler Intervention: The Transdisciplinary Journal, 2, 249–261.
10.
Center for Disease Control. (1993, April). HIV/AIDS surveillance report. Atlanta, GA: Author.
11.
Crocker, A. C. (1992). Summary of policy recommendations. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities (pp. 247–251). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
12.
Division for Early Childhood. (1993). DEC recommended practices: Indicators of quality in programs for infants and young children with special needs and their families. Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
13.
Epstein, S. G., Taylor, A. B., Halberg, A. S., Gardner, J. D., Walker, D. K., & Crocker, A. C. (1989). Enhancing quality: Standards and indicators of quality care for children with special health care needs. Boston: New England SERVE.
14.
Grosz, J., & Hopkins, K. (1992). Family circumstances affecting caregivers and brothers and sisters. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 43–51). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
15.
Guralnick, M. J. (1990). Major accomplishments and future directions in early childhood mainstreaming. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 10, 1–19.
16.
Hanline, M. F., & Halvorsen, A. (1989). Parent perceptions of the integration transition process: Overcoming artificial barriers. Exceptional Children, 55, 487–492.
17.
Hanson, M., & Hanline, M. (1989). Integration options for the young child. In R. Gaylord-Ross (Ed.), Integration strategies for students with handicaps (pp. 177–194). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
18.
Harris, M. (1992). Habilitative and rehabilitative needs of children with HIV infection. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 85–94). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
19.
Hopkins, K. M. (1989). Emerging patterns of services and case findings for children with HIV infection. Mental Retardation, 27, 220–221.
20.
Indacochea, F. J., & Scott, G. B. (1992). HIV infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children. Current Problems in Pediatrics, 22, 166–204.
21.
Johnson, C. B. (1993). Developmental issues: Children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Infants and Young Children, 6, (1), 1–10.
22.
Kelker, K., Hecimovic, A., & LeRoy, C. H. (1994). Designing a classroom and school environment for students with AIDS: A checklist for teachers. Teaching Exceptional Children, 26, (4), 52–55.
23.
Koop, C. E. (1987). Surgeon general's report: Children with special health care needs: Campaign '87. Commitment to family-centered, coordinated care for children with special health care needs. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
24.
Kozlowski, P. B. (1992). Neuropathology of HIV infection in children. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 25–31). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
25.
LeRoy, C. H., Powell, T. H., & Kelker, P. H. (1994). Meeting our responsibilities in special education. Teaching Exceptional Children, 26, (4), 37–44.
26.
Lesar, S., & Maldonado, Y. A. (1994). Infants and young children with HIV infection: Service delivery considerations for family support. Infants and Young Children, 6, (4), 70–81.
27.
Lowman, D. K., & Rosenkoetter, S. E. (1994). Creating successful transitions for children with complex health care needs. In S. E. Rosenkoetter, A. H. Hains, & S. A. Fowler (Eds.), Bridging early services for children with special needs and their families: A practical guide for transition planning (pp. 181–196). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
28.
Lynch, E., & Hanson, M. (1992). Developing cross cultural competence: A guide for working with young children and their families. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
29.
McDonnell, A., & Hardman, M. (1988). A synthesis of “best practice” guidelines for early childhood services. Journal of the Division for Early Childhood, 12, 328–341.
30.
McLean, M., & Hanline, M. (1990). Providing early intervention services in integrated environments: Challenges and opportunities for the future. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 10, 62–77.
31.
McLean, M. E., & Odom, S. L. (1993). Practices for young children with and without disabilities: A comparison of DEC and NAEYC identified practices. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 13, 274–292.
32.
McWilliam, P. J., & Bailey, D. (1993). Working together with children and families: Case studies in early intervention. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
33.
Mueller, B. U., & Pizzo, P. A. (1992). Medical treatment of children with HIV infection. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 63–73). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
34.
National Center for Networking Community-Based Services. (1989). Establishing a medical home for children served by Part H of Public Law 99--457. Washington, DC: Bureau of Maternal and Child Health Resources Development and the American Academy of Pediatrics.
35.
Nicholas, S. W., Leung, J., & Fennoy, I. (1991). Guidelines for nutritional support of HIV-infected children. Journal of Pediatrics, 119, 59–62.
36.
Noonan, M., & McCormick, L. (1993). Early intervention in natural environments: Methods and procedures. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
37.
Odom, S., & McEvoy, M. (1988). Integration of young children with handicaps and normally developing children. In S. Odom & M. Karnes (Eds.), Early intervention for infants and children with handicaps: An empirical base (pp. 241–268). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
38.
Palfrey, J. S. (1989). Health care needs of children in special education programs. In I. L. Rubin & A. C. Crocker (Eds.), Developmental disabilities: Delivery of medical care for children and adults (pp. 23–29). Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.
39.
Rainforth, B., York, J., & Macdonald, C. (1992). Collaborative teams for students with severe disabilities: Integrating therapy and educational services. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
40.
Rennert, S. (1992). HIV infection and confidentiality: Developing policy and procedures. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 201–206). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
41.
Rosen, S., & Granger, M. (1992). Early intervention and school programs. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 75–84). Baltimore: Paul H Brookes.
42.
Shelton, T. L., Jeppson, E. S., & Johnson, B. H. (1987). Family-centered care for children with special health care needs (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: The Association for the Care of Children's Health.
43.
Sicklick, M. J., & Rubinstein, A. (1992). Types of HIV infection and the course of the disease. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 15–23). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
44.
SUNY Research Foundation. (1994). HIV/AIDS and children: Answers for caregivers. Buffalo, NY: Author.
45.
Turnbull, A., & Winton, P. (1983). A comparison of specialized and mainstreamed preschools from the perspectives of mothers of handicapped children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 8, (1), 57–71.
46.
Vincent, L., Salisbury, C., Strain, P., McCormick, K., & Tessier, A. (1990). A behavioral-ecological approach to early intervention: Focus on cultural diversity. In S. Meisels & J. Shonkoff (Eds.), Handbook of early intervention (pp. 173–195). London: Cambridge University Press.
47.
Walker, D. K., Allen, D., Munoz, D., Spivak, H., & Prudent, N. (1991). Ethical guidelines for a system of care. Abstracts of the Sixth Annual National Pediatric AIDS Conference.
48.
Williams, A. D. (1989). Nursing management of the child with AIDS. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 38, 153–167.
49.
Woodruff, G. (1994). Serving the needs of children with AIDS and their families: A case for comprehensive community-based and family-centered programs. Teaching Exceptional Children, 26, (4), 45–48.
50.
Woodruff, G., Driscoll, P., & Sterzin, E. D. (1992). Providing comprehensive and coordinated services to children with HIV infection and their families. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 105–112). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
51.
Wolery, M. (1994). Implementing instruction for young children with special needs in early childhood classrooms. In M. Wolery & J. S. Wilbers (Eds.), Including children with special needs in early childhood programs (pp. 151–166). Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.
52.
Wolery, M., Werts, M. G., & Holcombe, A. (1994). Current practices with young children who have disabilities: Issues of placement, assessment, and instruction. Focus on Exceptional Children, 26, (6), 1–12.
53.
Wolery, M., & Wilbers, J. S. (Eds.). (1994). Including children with special needs in early childhood programs. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.
