Although vision plays a major role in early childhood learning, many preschool children with handicaps do not receive adequate vision care. This article provides information about the number and diversity of preschool children with handicaps requiring vision services, and describes a vision care system designed to insure that these preschool children receive optimal vision care.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Allen, J. F.Testing visual acuity in preschool children: Norms, variables and a new picture test. Pediatrics, 1957, 19, 1093-1100.
2.
Barker, J., & Barmatz, H.Eye function. In W. Frankenburg & B. Camp (Eds.), Pediatric screening tests. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publishing, 1975.
3.
Blum, H. L., Peters, H. G., & Bettman, J. W.Vision screening for elementary schools: The Orinda study. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959.
4.
Buktenica, N. A.Visual learning. San Rafael, CA: Dimensions Publishing, 1968.
5.
Cress, P. J., Johnson, J. L., Shores, R. E., Sizemore, A. C., & Spellman, C. R.The development of a visual acuity test for persons with severe handicaps. Journal of Special Education Technology, 1983, 5, 11-19.
6.
Cress, P., Spellman, C., DeBriere, T., Sizemore, A., Northam, J., & Johnson, J.Vision screening for persons with severe handicaps. Journal of the Association for Severely Handicapped, 1981, 6, 41-50.
7.
Donlon, E. T.Implications of visual disorders. In W. M. Cruickshank (Ed.), Cerebral palsy: Its individual and community problems (2nd ed.). Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1966.
8.
Duke-Elder, S.The practice of refraction. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1965.
9.
Efron, M., & DuBoff, E.A vision guide for deaf-blind children. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, 1980.
10.
Fantz, R.Visual perception from birth as shown by pattern selectivity. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1965, 118, 793-814.
11.
Fantz, R.Visual perception and experience in early infancy: A look at the hidden side of behavior development. In H. Stevenson (Ed.), Early behavior: Comparative and developmental approaches. New York: Wiley, 1967.
12.
Faye, E. E.A new visual acuity test for partially sighted non-readers. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology, 1968, 5, 210-212.
13.
Gorman, J. J., Cogan, D. G., & Gellis, S. S.An apparatus for grading the visual acuity of infants on the basis of optokinetic nystagmus. Pediatrics, 1957, 19, 1088.
14.
Lippman, O.Vision screening of young children. American Journal of Public Health, 1971, 61 (8), 1586-1601.
15.
Mayer, D. L., & Dobson, V.Assessment of vision in young children: A new operant approach yields estimates of acuity. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 1980, 19, 556-570.
16.
Mayer, D. L., & Dobson, V.Visual acuity development in infants and young children as assessed by operant preferential looking. Vision Research, 1982, 22, 1141-1151.
17.
National Society to Prevent Blindness. Vision problems in the U.S.New York: Author, 1980.
18.
Sheridan, M. D.Vision screening of very young or handicapped children. British Medical Journal, 1960, 5196, 453-456.
19.
Smith, D. W., & Wilson, A. A.The child with Down's syndrome (Mongolism): Causes, characteristics, and acceptance.Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1973.
20.
Sokol, S.Visually evoked potentials: Theory, techniques and clinical applications. Survey of Ophthalmology, 1976, 21, 18-44.
21.
Stangler, S. R., Huber, C. J., & Routh, D. K.Screening growth and development of preschool children: A guide for test selection. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
22.
Teller, D. Y.The forced-choice preferential looking procedure: A psychophysical technique for use with human infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 1979, 2, 135-153.
23.
Teller, D. Y., Morse, R., Borton, R., & Regal, D.Visual acuity for vertical and diagonal gratings in human infants. Vision Research, 1974, 14, 1433-1439.
24.
Woodruff, M. E.Prevalence of visual and ocular anomalies in 1968 noninstitutionalized mentally retarded children. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 1977, 68, 225-232.
