Abraham C.R. (1989) Potential roles of protease inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging10: 463-465
2.
Abraham C.R., Selkoe D.J., Potter H. (1989) Immunochemical identification of the serine protease inhibitor alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in the brain amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease. Cell52: 487-501
3.
Adlersberg M., Liu K.P., Hsiung S.C., Ehrlich Y., Tamir H. (1987) A Ca2+ -dependent protein kinase activity associated with serotonin binding protein. J Neurochem49: 1105-1115
4.
Adolfsson R., Gottfries C.G., Oreland L., Wiberg A., Winblad B. (1980) Increased activity of brain and platelet monoamine oxidase in dementia of Alzheimer type. Life Sci27: 1029-1034
5.
Agnati L.F., Benfenati F., Battistini N., Cavicchioli L., Fuxe K., Toffano G. (1983) Selective modulation of 3H-spiperone labelled 5-HT receptors by subchronic treatment with the ganglioside GM1 in the rat. Acta Physiol Scand117: 311-314
6.
Alexopoulos G.S., Lieberman K.W., Young R.C. (1984) Platelet MAO activity in primary degenerative dementia . Am J Psychiatr141: 97-99
7.
Allen S.J., MacGowan S H., Treanorn J.S., Feeneyk R., Wilcock G.K., Dawbarn D. (1991) Normal NGF content in Alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Neurosci Lett131: 135-139
8.
Alzheimer A. (1907) Uber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde . Allg Z Psychiatr Psych-Gerichtlich Med64: 146-148
9.
Alzheimer A. (1911) Uber eigenartige Krankheitsfalle des spateren Alters . Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatr4: 356-385
10.
Alzheimer Disease Society Report (1992) Caring for dementia: today and tomorrow. Alzheimer's Disease Society, London
11.
Anderson J.P., Esch F.S., Keim P.S., Sambamurti K., Lieberburg I., Robakis K. (1991) Exact cleavage site of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in neuronal PC12 cells. Neurosci Lett128: 126-128
12.
Autilio G.L., Morandi A., Tabaton M., Schaetzle B., Kovaks D., Perry G., Sharma S., Cornette J., Greenberg B., Gambetti P. (1988) The amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease is expressed as a 130 kDa polypeptide in various cultured cell types. [Published erratum appears in FEBS Lett 1989 Feb 27: 244(2) 509] FEBS Lett241: 94-98
13.
Barnes J.M., Costall B., Coughlan J., Domeney A.M., Gerrard P.A., Kelly M.E., Naylor R.J., Onaivi E.S., Tomkins D.M., Tyres M.B. (1990) The effects of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on cognition in rodents and primate. Pharmacol, Biochem Behav35: 955-962
14.
Bartus R.T. (1979) Physostigmine and recent memory: effects in young and aged nonhuman primates. Science206: 1087-1089
15.
Beard C.M., Kokman E., Kurland L.T. (1991) Rheumatoid arthritis and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (letter). Lancet335: 1037
16.
Becker R., Giacobini E., Elble R., McIlhany M., Sherman K. (1988) Potential pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer disease. A comparison of various forms of physostigmine administration. Acta Neurol Scand116 (Suppl): 19-32
17.
Beller S.A., Overall J.E., Swann A.C. (1985) Efficacy of oral physostigmine in primary degenerative dementia. A double-blind study of response to different dose level. Psychopharmacol Berl87: 147-151
18.
Beller S.A., Overall J.E., Rhoades H.M., Swann A.C. (1988) Long-term outpatient treatment of senile dementia with oral physostigmine. J Clin Psychiatr49: 400-404
19.
Benowitz L.I., Rodriguez W., Paskevich P., Mufson E.J., Schenk D., Neve R.L. (1989) The amyloid precursor protein is concentrated in neuronal lysosomes in normal and Alzheimer disease subjects. Exp Neurol106: 237-250
20.
Berkemeier L.R., Winslow J.W., Kaplan D.R., Nikolics K., Goeddel D.V., Rosenthal A. (1991) Neurotrophin-5: a novel neurotrophic factor that activates trk and trkB. Neuron7: 857-866
21.
Boller F., Lopez O., Moossy J. (1989) Diagnosis of dementia: Clinicopathologic correlations . Neurology39: 76-79
22.
Bondareff W., Mountjoy C.Q., Wischik C.M., Hauser D.L., LaBree L D., Roth M. ( 1993) Evidence of subtypes of Alzheimer's disease and implications for etiology. Arch Gen Psychiatr50: 350-356
23.
Bonner T.I., Buckley N.J., Young A.C., Brann M.R. (1987) Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. Science237: 527-532
24.
Bowen D.M. (1990) Treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Molecular pathology vs. neurotransmitter based therapy. Br J Psychiatr157: 327-330
25.
Bowen D.M., Smith C.B., White P., Davison A.N. (1976) Neurotransmitter-related enzymes and indices of hypoxia in senile dementia and other abiotrophies. Brain99: 495-496
26.
Bowen D.M., Allen S.J., Benton J.S. (1983) Biochemical assessment of serotonergic and cholinergic dysfunction and cerebral atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem41: 266-272
27.
Bowen D.M. (1990) Treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Molecular pathology vs. neurotransmitter based therapy. Br J Psychiatr157: 327-330
28.
Brinkman S.D., Smith R.C., Meyer J.S., Vroulis G., Shaw T., Gordon J.R., Allen R.H. (1982a) Lecithin and memory training in suspected Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol37: 4-9
29.
Brinkman S.D., Pomara N., Goodnick P.J., Barnett N., Domino E.F. (1982b) A dose-ranging study of lecithin in the treatment of primary degenerative dementia (Alzheimer disease)J Clin Psychopharmacol2: 281-285
30.
Bruno G., Mohr E., Gillespie M., Fedio P., Chase T.N. (1986) Muscarinic agonist therapy of Alzheimer's disease. A clinical trial of RS 86. Arch Neurol43: 659-661
31.
Burke W.J., Ranno A.E., Roccaforte W.H., Wengel S.P., Bayer B.L., Willcockson N.K. (1993) L-deprenyl in the treatment of mild dementia of the Alzheimer type: preliminary results. J Am Geriatr Soc41: 367-370
32.
Burns A., Jacoby R., Levy R. ( 1990a) Psychiatric phenomena in Alzheimer's disease. I: Disorders of thought content. Br J Psychiatr157: 72-76
33.
Burns A., Jacoby R., Levy R. ( 1990b) Psychiatric phenomena in Alzheimer's disease. II: Disorders of perception. Br J Psychiatr157: 76-81
34.
Burns A., Jacoby R., Levy R. ( 1990c) Psychiatric phenomena in Alzheimer's disease. III: Disorders of mood. Br J Psychiatr157: 81-86
35.
Burns A., Luthert P., Levy R., Jacoby R., Lantos P. (1990) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease . Br Med J301: 1026
36.
Buxbaum J.D., Gandy S.E., Cicchetti P., Ehrlich M.E., Czernik A.J., Fracasso R.P., Ramabhadran T.V., Unterbeck A.J., Greengard P. (1990) Processing of Alzheimer β/A4 amyloid precursor protein: modulation by agents that regulate protein phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA87: 6003-6006
37.
Caine E.D. (1980) Cholinomimetic treatment fails to improve memory disorders (Letter). N Engl J Med303: 585-586
38.
Calvani M., Carta A., Caruso G., Benedetti N., Iannuccelli M. (1992) Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Ann NY Acad Sci663: 483-486
39.
Canter N.L., Hallett M., Growdon J.H. (1982) Lecithin does not affect EEG spectral analysis or P300 in Alzheimer disease. Neurology32: 1260-1266
40.
Caporaso G.L., Gandy S.E., Buxbaum J.D., Ramabhadran T.V., Greengard P. (1992) Protein phosphorylation regulates secretion of Alzheimer β/A4 amyloid precursor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA89: 3055-3059
41.
Caputo C.B., Salama A.I. (1989) The amyloid proteins of Alzheimer's disease as potential targets for drug therapy. Neurobiol Aging10: 451-461
42.
Cataldo A.M., Paskevich P.A., Kominami E., Nixon R.A. (1991) Lysosomal hydrolases of different classes are abnormally distributed in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA88: 10998-11002
43.
Chang T M S, Barre P. (1983) Effect of desferrioxamine on removal of aluminium and iron by coated charcoal haemoperfusion and haemodialysis. Lancetii: 1051-1053
44.
Chatellier G., Lacomblez L.on behalf of Groupe Francais d'Etude de la Tetrahydroamino acridine (1990) Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine : THA) and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a multicenter trial. Br Med J300: 495-499
45.
Christie J.E., Shering A., Ferguson J., Glen A.I. (1981) Physostigmine and arecoline: effects of intravenous infusion in Alzheimer presenile dementia. Br J Psychiatr138: 46-50
46.
Chui H.C., Teng E.L., Henderson V.W., Moy A.C. (1985) Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology35: 1544-1550
47.
Copani A., Genazzani A.A., Aleppo G., Casabona G., Canonico P.L., Scapagnini U., Nicoletti F. (1992) Nootropic drugs positively modulate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid-sensitive glutamate receptors in neuronal cultures. J Neurochem58: 1199-1204
48.
Coyle J.T., Price D T R, DeLong M R. (1983) Alzheimer's disease: a disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation. Science219: 1184-1190
49.
Crapper D.R., Quittkat S., Krishnan S.S., Dalton A.J., DeBoni U. (1980) Intranuclear aluminium content in Alzheimer's disease, dialysis encephalopathy, and experimental aluminium encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 50: 19-24
50.
Cutler N.R., Haxby J., Narang P.K., May C., Burg C., Reines S.A. (1985) Evaluation of an analogue of somatostatin (L363,586) in Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med312: 725
51.
Cutler N.R., Murphy N.F., Nash R.J., Prior P.L., DeLuma D M. (1990) Clinical safety, tolerance, and plasma levels of the oral anticholinesterase 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridin-1-ol-maleate (HP029) in Alzheimer's disease: preliminary findings. J Clin Pharmacol30: 556-561
52.
Da Prada M., Kettler R., Keller H.H., Burkhard W., Muggi-Maniglio D., Haefely W.E. (1989) Neurochemical profile of moclobemide, a short-acting and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A. J Pharmacol Exp Ther248: 400-414
53.
Dale S. ( 1988) Stroke. Office of Health Economics , London.
54.
Davies B., Andrewes D., Stargatt R., Ames D., Tuckwell V., Davis S. (1989) Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet2: 163-164
55.
Davies P., Maloney A J F (1976) Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Lancetii: 1403
56.
Davis K.L., Mohs R.C. (1986) Cholinergic drugs in Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med315: 1286-1287
57.
Davis K.L., Hollander E., Davidson M., Davis B.M., Mohs R.C., Horvath T.B. (1987) Induction of depression with oxotremorine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatr144: 468-470
58.
Davis K.L., Thal L.J., Gamzu E.R., Davis C.S., Woolson R.F., Gracon S.I., Drachman D.A., Schneider L.S., Whitehouse P.J., Hoover T.M., Morris J.C., Kawas C.H., Knopman D.S., Earl N.L., Kumar V., Doody R.S. and the Tacrine collaborative study group (1992) A double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study of tacrine. N Engl J Med327: 1253-1259
59.
Davis R.E., Emmerling M.R., Jaen J.C., Moos W.H., Spiegel K. (1993) Therapeutic intervention in dementia. Crit Rev Neurobiol7: 41-83
60.
Davous P., Lamour Y. (1985) Bethanecol decreases reaction time in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatr48: 1297-1299
61.
Dawbarn D., Allen S.J., Semenenko F.M. (1988) Coexistence of choline acetyltransferase and B-nerve growth factor receptors in the forebrain of the rat. Neurosci Lett94: 138-144
62.
de Wied D. (1976) Hormonal influences on motivation learning and memory processes. Hosp Pract January 11: 123
63.
Domino E.F. (1988) Galanthamine: another look at an old cholinesterase inhibitor. In Giacobini E, Becker R (eds), Current research in Alzheimer's disease. Taylor and Francis, New York, pp.295-303
64.
Drachman D.A., Leavitt J. (1974) Human memory and the cholinergic system. A relationship to aging. Arch Neurol30: 113-121
65.
Eagger S., Levy R. ( 1992) Serum levels of tacrine in relation to clinical response in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr7: 115-119
66.
Eagger S.A., Levy R., Sahakian B.J. (1991) Tacrine in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet337: 989-992
67.
Eagger S., Morant N., Levy R. ( 1991) A parallel group analysis of the effects of tacrine versus placebo in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia2: 207-211
68.
Edwardson J.A., Candy J.M. (1989) Aluminium and the pathogenesis of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and chronic renal dialysis. Ann Med21: 95-97
69.
Eikelenboom P., Rozemuller J.M., Kraal G., Stam F.C., McBride P.A., Bruce M.E., Fraser H. (1991) Cerebral amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease but not in scrapie affected mice are closely associated with a local inflammatory process. Virch Arch Cell Pathol60: 329-336
70.
Esch F.S., Keim P.S., Beattie E.C., Blacher R.W., Culwell A.R., Oltersdorf T., McClure D., Ward P.J. (1990) Cleavage of amyloid peptide during constitutive processing of its precursor: Science248: 1122-1124
71.
Etienne P., Gauthier S., Johnson G., Collier B., Mendis T., Dastoor D., Cole M., Muller H.F. (1978) Clinical effects of choline in Alzheimer's disease . Lancet1: 508-509
72.
Etienne P., Dastoor D., Gauthier S., Ludwick R., Collier B. (1981) Alzheimer disease: lack of effect of lecithin treatment for 3 months. Neurology31: 1552-1554
73.
Farlow M., Gracon S.I., Hershey L.A., Lewis K.W., Sadowsky C.H., Dolan-Ureno J. (1992) A controlled trial of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease . J Am Med Assoc268: 2523-2529
74.
Finali G., Piccirilli M., Oliani C., Piccinin G.L. (1991) L-deprenyl therapy improves verbal memory in amnesic Alzheimer patients. Clin Neuropharmacol14: 523-536
75.
Florian A., Casamenti F., Pepeu G. (1987) Recovery of cortical acetyl choline output after ganglioside treatment in rats with lesion of the nucleus basilis. Neurosci Lett75: 313-316
76.
Frautschy S.A., Baird A., Cole G.M. (1991) Effects of injected Alzheimer β-amyloid cores in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA88: 8362-8366
77.
Fries J.F. (1989) The compression of morbidity: near or far? Millbank Mess Fund67: 208-232
78.
Fritz I.B. (1963) Carnitine and its role in fatty acid metabolism . Adv Lipid Res1: 285-334
79.
Funk K.F., Schmidt J. (1984) Changes of dopamine metabolism by hypoxia and effect of nootropic drugs. Biomed Biochem Acta11: 1301-1304
80.
Gage F.H., Armstrong D.M., Williams L.R., Varon S. (1988) Morphological response of axotomised septal neurones to nerve growth factor. J Comp Neurol269: 147-155
81.
Garcia-Rill E., Davies D.L., Skinner R.D., Biedermann J.A., McHalffey C. (1991) Fibroblast growth factor-induced increased survival of cholinergic mesopontine neurones in culture. Brain Res Dev Brain Res60: 267-270
82.
Gauthier S., Bouchard R., Lamontagne A., Bailey P., Bergman H., Ratner J., Tesfaye Y., Saint-Martin H., Bacher Y., Carrier L. (1990) Tetrahydroaminoacridine-lecithin combination treatment in patients with intermediate-stage Alzheimer's disease: results of a Canadian double-blind, crossover, multicenter study. N Engl J Med322: 1272-1276
83.
Gearing D.P. (1993) The leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor . Adv Immunol53: 31-58
84.
Geddes J.W., Monaghan D.T., Cottman C.W., Lott I.T., Kim R.C., Chai H.C. (1985) Plasticity of hippocampal circuitry in Alzheimer's disease. Science230: 1179
85.
Gillespie S.L., Golde T.E., Younkin S.G. (1992) Secretory processing of the Alzheimer amyloid β/A4 protein precursor is increased by protein phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun187: 1285-1290
86.
Giurgea C.E. (1982) The nootropic concept and its prospective implications . Drug Dev Res2: 441-446
87.
Goad D., Davis C., Fuselier C., McCormack J.R., Olsen K.M. (1991) The use of Selegiline in Alzheimer's patients with behaviour problems. J Clin Psychiatr52: 342-345
88.
Golde T.E., Estus S., Younkin L.H., Selkoe D.J., Younkin S.G. (1992) Processing of the amyloid protein precursor to potentially amyloidogenic derivatives. Science255: 728-730
89.
Gray A., Fenn P. ( 1993) Alzheimer's disease: the burden of the illness in England . Health Trends25: 31-37
90.
Green P.J., Pines O., Inouye M. (1986) The role of antisense RNA in gene regulation. Annu Rev Biochem55: 569-597
91.
Greenwald B., Marin D., Silverman S.M. (1986) Serotonergic treatment of screaming and banging in dementia (letter). Lancetii: 1464-1465
92.
Gregor V.E., Emmerling M.E., Lee C., Moore C.J. (1992) The synthesis and in vitro acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor activity of tacrine (Cognex®) derivatives . Biomed Chem2: 861
93.
Griffin J., Wyles M. (1991) Epilepsy: towards tomorrow. Office of Health Economics, London
94.
Grothe C., Otto D., Unsicker K. (1989) Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes in vitro survival and cholinergic development of rat septal neurones: comparison with the effects of nerve growth factor. Neuroscience31: 649-661
95.
Growdon J.H., Corkin S., Huff F.J., Rosen T.J. (1986) Piracetam combined with lecithin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging7: 269-276
96.
Guarnashelli C., Fugazza G., Pistarini C. (1988) Pathological brain aging: evaluation of efficacy of a pharmacological aid. Drugs Exp Clin Res14: 715-718
97.
Haas C., Koo E.H., Mellon A., Hung A.Y., Selkoe D.J. (1992) Targeting of cell surface β-amyloid precursor protein to lysosomes: alternative processing into amyloid-bearing fragments . Nature357: 500-503
98.
Hagg T., Manthorpe M., Vahlsing H.L., Varon S. (1988) Delayed treatment with nerve growth factor reverses the apparent loss of cholinergic neurones after acute brain damage. Exp Neurol101: 303-312
99.
Harbaugh R.E., Reeder T.M., Senter H.J., Knopman D.S., Baskin D.S., Pirozzolo F., Chui H.C., Shetter A.G., Bakay R.A., Leblanc R., Watson R.T., De Kosky S.T., Schmitt F.A., Read S.L., Johnston J.T. (1989) Intracerebroventricular bethanecol chloride infusion in Alzheimer's disease. Results of a collaborative double-blind study. J Neurosurg71: 481-486
100.
Hardy J., Allsop D. (1991) Amyloid deposition as the central event in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci12: 383-388
101.
Hardy J.A., Higgins G.A. (1992) Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis . Science256: 184-185
102.
Harrell L.E., Callaway R., Morere D., Falgout J. (1990) The effect of long-term physostigmine administration in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology40: 1350-1354
103.
Hartikka J., Hefti F. (1988) Development of septal cholinergic neurones in culture: plating density and glial cells modulate effects of NGF on survival, fiber growth, and expression of transmitter-specific enzymes. J Neurosci8: 2967-2985
104.
Hatanaka H., Tsukui H., Nihonmatsu I. (1988) Developmental change in the nerve growth factor action from induction of choline acetyltransferase to promotion of cell survival in cultured basal forebrain cholinergic neurones from postnatal rats. Dev Brain Res39: 85
105.
Hefti F. (1986) Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes survival of septal cholinergic neurones after fimbrial transections. J Neurosci6: 2155-2162
106.
Hefti F., Hartikka J., Eckenstein F., Gnahn H., Heumann R., Schwab M. (1985) Nerve growth factor (NGF) increases choline acetyltransferase but no survival or fiber outgrowth of cultured fetal septal cholinergic neurons . Neuroscience14: 55-68
107.
Hollander E., Mohs R.C., Davis K.L. (1986) Cholinergic approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Br Med Bull42: 97-100
108.
Hollander E., Davison M., Mohs R.C., Horvath T.B., Davis B.M., Zemishlany Z., Davis K.L. (1987) RS 86 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; cognitive and biological effects. Biol Psychiatr22: 1067-1078
109.
Hyman C., Hofer M., Barde Y.A., Juhasz M., Yancopoulos G.D., Squinto S.P., Lindsay R.M. (1991) BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Nature350: 230-232
110.
Imperato A., Ramacci M.T., Angelucci L. (1989) Acetyl-L-carnitine enhances acetylcholine release in the striatum and hippocampus of awake freely moving rats. Neurosci Lett107: 251-255
111.
Ip N.Y., Yancopolous G.D. (1992) Ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor complex . Prog Growth Factor Res4: 139-155
112.
Isaacson J.S., Nicoll R.A. (1991) Aniracetam reduces glutamate receptor desensitization and slows decay of fast excitatory synaptic currents in the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA88: 10936-10940
113.
Ito I., Tanabe S., Kohda A., Sugiyama H. (1990) Allosteric potentiation of quisqualate receptors by a nootropic drug aniracetam. J Physiol424: 533-543
114.
Janiri L., Tempesta E. (1983) A pharmacological profile of the effects of carnitine and acetyl carnitine on the central nervous system. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res3: 295-306
115.
Jenike M. (1986) Use of MAOI for demented depressed patients (letter) . Am J Psychiatr143: 254-255
116.
Jenike M.A., Albert M.S., Baer L. ( 1990) Oral physostigmine as treatment for dementia of the Alzheimer type: a long-term outpatient trial. Alzheimer's Dis Assoc Disord4: 226-231
117.
Jenkinson M.L., Bliss M.R., Brain A.T., Scott D.L. (1989) Rheumatoid arthritis and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Br J Rheumatol26: 86-88
118.
Jotkowitz S. (1983) Lack of clinical efficacy of chronic oral physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol14: 690-691
119.
Kaneko S., Sugimura M., Inoue T., Satoh M. (1991) Effects of several cerebroprotective drugs on NMDA channel function: evaluation using Xenopus oocytes and [3H] MK-801 binding. Eur J Pharmacol207: 119-128
120.
Kang J., Lemaire H.G., Unterbeck A., Salbaum J.M., Masters C.L., Grzeschik K.H., Multhaup G., Beyreuther K., Muller-Hill B. (1987) The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 resembles a cell-surface receptor. Nature325: 733-736
121.
Kaye W.H., Sitaram N., Weingartner H., Ebert M.H., Smallberg S., Gillin J.C. (1982) Modest facilitation of memory in dementia with combined lecithin and anticholinesterase treatment. Biol Psychiatr17: 275-280
122.
Kennedy A.M., Newman S., McCaddon A., Ball J., Roques P., Mullan M., Hardy J., Chartier-Harlin M.C., Frackowiak R S J, Warrington E.K., Rossor M.N. (1993) Familial Alzheimer's disease. Brain116: 309-324
123.
Khokha R., Denhardt D.T. (1987) On the use of anti-sense RNA: down regulation of mRNA encoding a metallo-protease inhibitor. Anticancer Res7: 653-660
124.
Kitaguchi N., Takahishi Y., Tokushima Y., Shiojiri S., Ito H. ( 1988) Novel precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein shows protease inhibitor activity. Nature331: 530-532
125.
Klagsbrun M. (1989) The fibroblast growth factor family: structural and biological properties. Prog Growth Factor Res1: 207-235
126.
Ko L.W., Sheu K.F., Blass J.P. (1991) Immunohistochemical colocalization of amyloid precursor protein with cerebrovascular amyloid of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol139: 523-533
127.
Koh J.Y., Yang L.L., Cotman C.W. (1990) B-amyloid protein increases the vulnerability of culture cortical neurones to excitoxic damage. Brain Res533: 315-320
128.
Koliatsos V.E., Clatterbuck R.E., Nauta H.J., Knusel B., Burton L.E., Hefti F.F., Mobley W.C., Price D.L. (1991) Human nerve growth factor prevents degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in primates. Ann Neurol30: 831-840
129.
Koo E.H., Sisodia S.S., Cork L.C., Unterbeck A., Bayney R.M., Price D.L. (1990) Differential expression of amyloid precursor protein mRNAs in cases of Alzheimer's disease and in aged non-human primates. Neuron4: 97-104
130.
Koob G.F., Dantzer R., Rodriguez F., Bloom F.E., Le Moal M. (1984) Osmotic stress mimics effects of vasopressin on learned behaviour. Neurosci Abstr10: 169
131.
Kopelman M.D. (1985) Multiple memory deficits in Alzheimer-type dementia: implications for pharmacotherapy. Psychol Med15: 527-541
132.
Kopelman M.D., Lishman W.A. (1986) Pharmacological treatments of dementia (non-cholinergic)Br Med Bull42: 101-105
133.
Kowall N.W., Beal M.F., Busciglio J., Duffy L.K., Yankner B.A. (1991) An in vivo model for the neurodegenerative effects of amyloid and protection by substance P. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA88: 7247-7251
134.
Kozlowski M.R., Spanoyannis A., Manly S.P., Fidel S.A., Neve R.L. (1992) The neurotoxic carboxy-terminal fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor binds specifically to a neuronal cell surface molecule: pH dependence of the neurotoxicity and the binding. J Neurosci12: 1679-1687
135.
Kragh-Sorensen P., Bang Olsen R., Lund S., Steffensen K. (1985) The use of neuropeptides in AD/SDAT. In Gottfries C G (ed.) Normal aging, Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. Aspects on etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment. Proceedings of the 2nd symposia held at CINP 14th Congress, June 22-231984Florence Italy, L'Universite de Bruxelles, pp. 291-298
136.
Kragh-Sorensen P., Olsen R.B., Lund S., Van Riezen H., Steffensen K. (1986) Neuropeptides: ACTH-peptides in dementia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatr10: 479-492
137.
Kromer L.F. (1987) Nerve growth factor treatment after brain injury prevents neuronal death. Science235: 214-216
138.
Laing W., Williams R. (1989) Diabetes: a model for health care management. Office of Health Economics, London
139.
Lawlor B.A., Sunderland T., Mellow A.M., Molchan S.E., Martinez R., Murphy D.L. (1991) A pilot placebo-controlled study of chronic mCPP administration in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatr30: 140-144
140.
Lee V.M., Balin B.J., Otvos L., Trojanowski J.Q. (1991) A68: a major subunit of paired helical filaments and derivatized forms of normal tau. Science251: 675-678
141.
Leibrock J., Lottspeich F., Hohn A., Hofer M., Hengerer B., Masiakowski P., Thoenen H., Barde Y.A. (1989) Molecular cloning and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors. Nature341: 149-152
142.
Levi-Montalcini R. (1987) The nerve growth factor: thirty-five years later . EMBO J6: 1145-1154
143.
Levin H.S., Peters B.H. (1984) Long-term administration of oral physostigmine and lecithin improve memory in Alzheimer's disease (Letter). Ann Neurol15: 210
144.
Levy R. ( 1978) Choline in Alzheimer's disease. Lancetii: 944-945
145.
Little A., Levy R., Chuaqui K.P., Hand D. ( 1985) A double-blind, placebo controlled trial of high-dose lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatr48: 736-742
146.
Livingston G.A., Sax K.B., McClenahan Z., Blumenthal E., Foley K., Willison J., Mann A.H., James I.M. (1991) Acetyl-L-carnitine in dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr6: 853-860
147.
Maisonpierre P.C., Belluscio L., Squinto S., Ip N.Y., Furth M.E., Lindsay R.M., Yankopoulos G.D. (1990) Neurotrophin-3: a neurotrophic factor related to NGF and BDNF. Science247: 1446-1451
148.
Mann A.H., Livingston G., Boothby H., Blizard R. (1992) The Gospel Oak study: the prevalence and incidence of dementia in an inner city area of London. Neuroepidemiology11 (suppl): 76-79
149.
Mantero M.A., Barero M., Giannini R., Grosso V.G., Tominasa C., Iannuccelli M. (1989) Acetyl-L-carnitine as a therapeutic agent for mental deterioration in geriatric patients (double-blind controlled versus placebo study). Clin Neuropharmacol3: 17-24
150.
Martin E., Wilson R., Penn R. ( 1987) Cortical biopsy results in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with cognitive defects. Neurology37: 1201-1204
151.
Martin L.J., Sisodia S.S., Koo E.H., Cork L.C., Dellovade T.L., Weidermann A., Beyreuther K., Masters C., Price D.L. (1991) Amyloid precursor protein in aged non-human primates . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA88: 1461-1465
152.
Martin P.R., Ebert M.H., Gordon E.K., Kopin I.J. (1983) Urinary catecholamine metabolites and effects of clonidine in patients with alcohol amnesic disorder. Clin Pharmacol Ther33: 19-27
153.
Martinez H.J., Dreyfus C.F., Jonakait G.M., Black I.B. (1987) Nerve growth factor selectively increases cholinergic markers but not neuropeptides in rat basal forebrain in culture. Brain Res412: 295-301
154.
Mash D., Flynn D., Potter L. (1985) Loss of M2 muscarinic receptors in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease and experimental cholinergic denervation. Science228: 1115-1117
155.
Mayeux R., Stern Y., Spanton S. (1985) Heterogeneity in dementia of the Alzheimer type: evidence of subgroups. Neurology35: 453-461
156.
McGeer P.L., Rogers J. (1992) Anti-inflammatory agents as a therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's disease. Neurology42: 447-449
157.
McGeer P.L., McGeer E., Rogers J., Sibley J. (1990) Anti-inflammatory drugs and Alzheimer's disease . Lancet335: 1037
158.
McKhann G., Drachman D., Folstein M., Katzman R., Price D., Stadian E. (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS/ADRDA workgroup under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology34: 939-944
159.
Meakin S.O., Shooter E.M. (1992) The nerve growth factor family of receptors. Trends Neurol Sci15: 323-331
160.
Meltzer D., Hopkins S., Pencheon D., Brayne C., Williams R. (1992) Dementia. Epidemiology Based Needs Assessment; Report 5. Department of Health, London
161.
Mohs R.C., Davis B.M., Johns C.A., Mathe A.A., Greenwald B.S., Horvath T.B., Davis K.L. (1985a) Oral physostigmine treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatr142: 28-33
162.
Mohs R.C., Davis B.M., Greenwald B.S., Mathe A.A., Johns C.A., Horvath T.B., Davis K.L. (1985b) Clinical studies of the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease: II Psychopharmacologic studies. J Am Geriatr Soc33: 749-757
163.
Moriearty P.L., Womack C.L., Dick B.W., Colliver J.A., Robbs R.S., Becker R.E. (1991) Stability of peripheral hematological parameters after chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition in man. Am J Hematol37: 280-282
164.
Morris J.C., McKeel D.W., Fulling K., Torack R.M., Berg L. ( 1987) Validation of clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol24: 17-22
165.
Mouradian M.M., Mohr E., Williams J.A., Chase T.N. (1988) No response to high-dose muscarinic agonist therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology38: 606-608
166.
Mukaetova-Ladinska E.B., Harrington C.R., Hills R., O'Sullivan A., Roth M., Wischik C.M. (1991) Regional distribution of paired helical filaments and normal tau proteins in aging and in Alzheimer's disease, with and without occipital lobe involvement. Dementia3: 61-69
167.
Mukaetova-Ladinska E.B., Harrington C.R., Roth M., Wischik C.M. (1993) Biochemical and anatomical redistribution of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol143: 565-578
168.
Murphy M. (1992) The molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: clinical prospects. Lancet340: 1512-1515
169.
Nappi G., Martignoni E., Sinforiani E., Faccinetti F., Genazzani A.R. (1988) Acetyl-L-carnitine normalizes pituitary-adrenocortical hyperactivity in pathological ageing brain. Med Sci Res16: 291-292
170.
Neve R.L., Kammersheidt A., Hohman C.F. (1992) Brain transplants of cells expressing the carboxy-terminal fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor cause specific neuropathology in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA89: 3448-3452
171.
Nieto A., Montejo de Garcini E., Correas I., Avila J. (1990) Characterization of tau protein present in microtubules and paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's disease patients brains. Neuroscience37: 163-170
172.
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys ( 1991) 1989-based sub-national population projections. HMSO, London
173.
Olsen L., Norberg A., von Holst H., Backman L., Ebendal T., Alafuzoff I., Amberla K., Hartvig P., Lilja A., Lundqvist H., Langstrom B., Meyerson B. (1992) Nerve growth factor affects 11C-nicotine binding, bloodflow, EEG, and verbal episodic memory in an Alzheimer patient (Case report). J Neural Transm4: 79-95
174.
Oltersdorf T., Fritz L.C., Schenk D.B., Lieberburg I., Johnson-Wood K.L., Beattie E.C., Ward P.J., Blacher R.W., Dovey H.F., Sinha S. (1989) The secreted form of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein with the Kunitz domain is protease nexin II. Nature341: 144-147
175.
Oltersdorf T., Ward P.J., Hendriksson T., Beattie E.C., Neve R., Lieberburg I., Fritz L.C. (1990) The Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. Identification of a stable intermediate in the biosynthetic/ degradative pathway. J Biol Chem265: 4492-4497
176.
Op DenVelde W., Stam F.C. (1976) Some cerebral proteins and enzyme systems in Alzheimer's presenile and senile dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc24: 12-16
177.
Ozawa S., Iino M., Abe M. ( 1991) Excitatory synapse in the rat hippocampus in tissue culture and effects of aniracetam. Neurosci Res12: 72-82
178.
Partanen J.V., Soininen H., Riekkinen P.J. (1986) Does an ACTH derivative (Org 2766) prevent deterioration of EEG in Alzheimer's disease? Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol63: 547-551
179.
Passeri M., Iannuccelli M., Ciotti G., Bonatti P., Nolfe G., Cucinotta D. (1988) Mental impairment in aging: selection of patients, methods of evaluation and therapeutic possibilities of acetyl-L-carnitine . Int J Clin Pharmacol Res8: 367-376
180.
Peabody C.A., Thiemann S., Pigache R., Miller T.P., Berger P.A., Yesavage J., Tinklenberg J.R. (1985) Desglycinamide-9-arginine-8-vasopressin (DGAVP, Organon 5667) in patients with dementia. Neurobiol Aging6: 95-100
Pearce B.D., Potter L.T. (1991) Coupling of m1 muscarinic receptors to G-proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Dis Assoc Disord5: 163-172
183.
Penn R., Martin E., Wilson R., Fox J., Savoy S. (1988) Intraventricular bethanecol infusion for Alzheimer's disease: results of a doubleblind study and escalating dose trials. Neurology38: 219-222
184.
Perry E. (1986) The cholinergic hypothesis—ten years on. Br Med Bull42: 63-69
185.
Perry E.K., Perry R.H., Blessed G., Tomlinson B.E. (1977) Necropsy evidence of central cholinergic deficits in senile dementia (letter). Lancet1: 189
186.
Perry E.K., Tomlinson B.E., Blessed G., Bergmann K., Gibson G.H., Perry R.H. (1978) Correlation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia. Br Med Jii: 1457-1459
187.
Perry G., Friedman R., Shaw G., Chau V. ( 1987) Ublquitin is detected in neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaque neurites of Alzheimer's disease brains. Prac Natl Acad Sci USA84: 3033-3036
188.
Persson H., Ibáñez C.F. (1993) Role and expression of neurotrophins and the trk family of tyrosine kinase receptors in neuronal growth and rescue after injury . Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg6: 11-18
189.
Phillips H.S., Hains J.M., Armanini M., Laramee G.R., Johnson S.A., Winslow J.W. (1991) BDNF mRNA is decreased in the hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Neuron7: 695-702
190.
Pike C.J., Walencewicz A.J., Glabe C.G., Cotman W. (1991) In vitro aging of β-amyloid protein causes protein aggregation and neurotoxicity. Brain Res563: 311-314
191.
Pomara N., Domino E.F., Yoon H., Brinkman S., Tamminga C.A., Gershon S. (1983) Failure of single-dose lecithin to alter aspects of central cholinergic activity in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Psychiatr44: 293-295
192.
Ponte P., Gonzalez-DeWhit P., Schilling J., Miller J., Hsu D., Greenberg B., Davis K., Wallace W., Lieberburg I., Fuller F., Cordell B. (1988) A new A4 amyloid mRNA contains a domain homologous to serine protease inhibitors. Nature331: 525-527
193.
Propper R., Cooper B., Rufo B., Neinhuis A.W., Anderson W.F., Bunn H.F., Rosenthal A., Nathan D.G. (1977) Continuous subcutaneous administration of desferrioxamine in patients with iron overload. N Engl J Med297: 418-423
194.
Puri S.K., Hsu R.S., Ho I., Lassman H.B. (1989a) Single dose safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of HP 029 in healthy young men: a potential Alzheimer agent. J Clin Pharmacol29: 278-284
195.
Puri S.K., Hsu R.S., Ho I., Lassman H.B. (1989b) The effect of food on the bioavailability of velnacrine (HP 029) in healthy elderly men: a potential Alzheimer agent. J Clin Pharmacol29: 956-960
196.
Read S.L., Frazee J., Shapira J., Smith C., Cummings J.L., Tomiyasu U. (1990) Intracerebroventricular bethanecol for Alzheimer's disease. Variable dose-related responses. Arch Neurol47: 1025-1030
197.
Relman A.S. (1991) Tacrine as a treatment for Alzheimer's dementia (Editors note). N Engl J Med324: 349
198.
Reynolds G.P., Arnold L., Rossoe M.N. (1984) Reduced binding of [3H] ] -ketanserin to cortical 5-HT2 receptors in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurosci Lett44: 47-51
199.
Risse S., Raskind M., Nochlin D., Sumi S.M., Lampe T.H., Bird T.D., Cubberley L., Peskind E.R. (1990) Neuropathological findings in patients with clinical diagnoses of probable Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatr147: 168-172
200.
Rogers J., Kirby L.C., Hempelman S.R., Berry D.L., McGeer P.L., Kaszniak A.W., Zalinski J., Cofield M., Mansukhani L., Willson P., Kogan F. (1993) Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease . Neurology43: 1609-1611
201.
Rosenblum W.I., Haider A. (1988) Negative correlations between parenchymal amyloid and vascular amyloid in hippocampus. Am J Pathol30: 532-536
202.
Roth M. ( 1986) The association of clinical and neurobiological findings and its bearing on the classification and aetiology of Alzheimer's disease . Br Med Bull42: 42-50
203.
Roth M., Tomlinson B.E., Blessed G. (1966) Correlation between scores for dementia and counts of senile plaques in cerebral gray matter of elderly subjects. Nature209: 109-110
204.
Rozemuller J.M., Eikelenboom P., Pals S.T., Stam F.C. (1989) Microglial cells around amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease express leukocyte adhesion molecules of the LFA-1 family. Neurosci Lett101: 288-292
205.
Rozemuller J.M., Stam F.C., Eikelenboom P. (1990) Acute phase proteins are present in amorphous plaques in the cerebral but not in the cerebellar cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett119: 75-78
206.
Saitoh T., Sundsmo M., Roch J., Kimura N., Cole G., Schubert D., Oltersdorf T., Schenk D.B. (1989) Secreted form of amyloid protein precursor is involved in the growth regulation of fibroblasts. Cell58: 615-622
207.
Salbaum J.M., Weidmann A., Lemaire H.G., Masters C.L., Beyreuther K. (1988) The promoter of Alzheimer's disease amyloid β-A4 precursor gene. EMBO J7: 2807-2813
208.
Samorajski T., Vroulis G.A., Smith R.C. (1985) Piracetam plus lecithin trials in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Ann NY Acad Sci444: 478-481
209.
Sano M., Bell K., Cote L., Dooneief G., Lawton A., Legler L., Marder K., Nairi A., Stern Y., Mayeux R. (1992) Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol49: 1137-1141
210.
Sara S.J. (1980) Memory retrieval deficits: alleviation by etiracetam, a nootropic drug. Psychopharmacology68: 235-241
211.
Sara S.J., David-Remacle M., Weyers M., Giurgea C.E. (1979) Piracetam facilitates retrieval but does not impair extinction of bar pressing in rats. Psychopharmacology61: 71-75
212.
Schneider L.S. (1990) Tetrahydroaminoacridine and lecithin for Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med323: 919-920
213.
Schneider L.S., Severson J.A., Chui H., Pollock V.E., Sloane R.B. (1988) Platelet tritiated imipramine binding and MAO activity in Alzheimer's patients with agitation and delusions. Psychiatr Res25: 311-322
214.
Schneider L.S., Pollock V.E., Zemansky M.F., Gleason R.P., Palmer R., Sloan R.B. (1991) A pilot study of low-dose L-deprenyl in Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatr Neurol4: 143-148
215.
Schneider L.S., Olin J.T., Pawluczyk S. (1993) A double-blind crossover pilot study of L-deprenyl (Selegiline) combined with cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease . Am J Psychiatr150: 321-323
216.
Schoeffter P., Hoyer D. (1989) Interaction of arylpiperazines with 5-HT1A , 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C and 5-HT1D receptors: do discriminatory 5-HT1B ligands exist? Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol339: 675-683
217.
Schwarz R.D., Davis R.E., Gracon S., Hoover T., Moos W.H., Pavia M.R. (1991) Next generation tacrine. Neurobiol Aging12: 185-187
218.
Selkoe D.J. (1991) The molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease . Neuron6: 487-498
219.
Seubert P., Vigo-Pelfrey C., Esch F., Leeal M., Dovey H., Davis D., Sinha S., Schlossmacher M., Whaley J., Swindlehurst C., McCormack R., Wolfert R., Selkoe D., Lieberbung I., Schenk D. (1992) Isolation and quantification of soluble Alzheimer's β-peptide from biological fluids. Nature359: 325-327
220.
Shutske G.M., Pierrat F.A., Cornfeldt M.L., Szewczak M.R., Huger F.P., Bores G.M., Haroutunian V., Davis K.L. (1988) (±)-9-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-1-ol. A potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutic of low toxicity. J Med Chem31: 1278-1279
221.
Siegfried K. (1993) The pharmacodynamics of velnacrine: results and conclusions from clinical studies in healthy subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease. In Wilcock G K (ed.), The management of Alzheimer's disease. Wrightson Biomedical Publishing Ltd, pp. 189-201
222.
Small G.W. (1992) Tacrine for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Am Med Assoc268: 2564-2565
223.
Smith C.M., Swash M. (1978) Hypothesis—possible biochemical basis of memory disorder in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol3: 471-473
224.
Smith R.C., Vroulis G., Johnson R., Morgan R. (1984) Comparison of therapeutic response to long-term treatment with lecithin versus piracetam plus lecithin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol Bull20: 542-545
225.
Snow A.D., Willmer J.P., Kisilevsky R. (1987) Sulphated glycosaminoglycans in Alzheimer's disease . Hum Pathol18: 506-510
226.
Sonsalla P.K., Golbe LI (1988) Deprenyl as prophylaxis against Parkinson's disease . Clin Neuropharmacol11: 500-511
227.
Spagnoli A., Lucca U., Menasce G., Bandera L., Cizza G., Forloni G., Tettamanti M., Frattura L., Tiraboschi P., Comelli M., Senin U., Longo A., Petrini A., Brambilla G., Belloni A., Negri C., Carazzuti F., Salsi A., Calogero P., Parma E., Stramba-Badiale M., Vitali S., Andreoni G., Inzoli M.R., Santus G., Caregnato R., Peruzza M., Favaretto M., Bozeglar C., Alberoni M., De Leo D., Serraiotto L., Baiocchi A., Scoccia S., Culotta P., Ieracitano D. (1991) Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology41: 1726-1732
228.
Spignoli G., Pepeu G. (1987) Interactions between oxiracetam, aniracetam and scopolamine on behaviour and brain acetylcholine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav27: 491-495
229.
Steele C., Rovner B., Chase G.A., Folstein M. (1990) Psychiatric symptoms and nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatr147: 1049-1051
230.
Stern Y., Sano M., Mayeux R. (1987) Effects of oral physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease . Ann Neurol22: 306-310
231.
Stern Y., Sano M., Mayeux R. (1988) Long-term administration of oral physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology38: 1837-1841
232.
Summers W.K., Viesselman J.O., Marsh G.M., Candelora K. (1981) Use of THA in treatment of Alzheimer-like dementia: pilot study in twelve patients. Biol Psychiatr16: 145-153
233.
Summers W.K., Majovski L.V., Marsh G.M., Tachiki K., Kling A. (1986) Oral tetrahydroaminoacridine in long-term treatment of senile dementia, Alzheimer type. N Engl J Med315: 1241-1245
234.
Tagliavini F., Ghiso J., Timmers W.F., Giaccone G., Bugiani O., Frangione B. (1990) Coexistence of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein and amyloid protein in cerebral vessel walls. Lab Invest62: 761-767
235.
Takahashi H., Hirokawa K., Tsukagoshi H. (1990) Immunohistological study on the distribution of 1-antichymotrypsin in Alzheimer's brain, compared to β-amyloid precursor protein and β-amyloid protein. J Neurol Sci99: 301-310
236.
Tamir H., Brunner W., Casper D., Rapport M.M. (1980) Enhancement by gangliosides of the binding of serotonin to serotonin binding protein. J Neurochem34: 1719-1724
237.
Tang C.M., Shi Q.Y., Katchman A., Lynch G. (1991) Modulation of the time course of fast EPSCs and glutamate channel kinetics by aniracetam. Science254: 288-290
238.
Tanzi R.E., McClatchey A.I., Lamberti E.D., Villa-Komaroff L., Gusella J.F., Neve R.L. (1988) Protease inhibitor domain encoded by an amyloid protein precursor mRNA associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nature331: 528-530
239.
Tariot P.N., Cohen R.M., Sunderland T., Newhouse P.A., Yount D., Mellow A.M., Weingartner H., Mueller E.A., Murphy D.L. (1987a) L-deprenyl in Alzheimer's disease. Preliminary evidence for behavioural change with monoamine oxidase B inhibition. Arch Gen Psychiatr44: 427-433
240.
Tariot P.N., Sunderland T., Wiengartner H., Murphy D.L., Welkowitz J.A., Thompson K., Cohen R.M. (1987b) Cognitive effects of L-deprenyl in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology91: 489-495
241.
Tariot P.N., Cohen R.M., Welkowitz J.A., Sunderland T., Newhouse P.A., Murphy D.L., Weingartner H. (1988) Multiple-dose arecoline infusions in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Gen Psychiatr45: 901-905
242.
Thal L.J., Rosen W., Sharpless N.S., Crystal H. (1981) Choline chloride fails to improve cognition of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging2: 205-208
243.
Thal L.J., Fuld P.A., Masur D.M., Sharpless N.S., Davies P. (1983) Oral physostigmine and lecithin improve memory in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol13: 491-496
244.
Thal L.J., Masur D.M., Sharpless N.S., Fuld P.A., Davies P. (1986) Acute and chronic effects of oral physostigmine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatr10: 627-636
245.
Thal L.J., Masur D.M., Blau A.D., Fuld P.A., Klauber M.R. (1989) Chronic oral physostigmine without lecithin improves memory in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc37: 42-48
246.
Thompson T.L. 2nd, Filley C.M., Mitchell W.D., Culig K.M., LoVerde M., Byyny R.L. (1990) Lack of efficacy of hydergine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. [Published erratum appears in NEJM1990323(10) 691] . N Engl J Med323: 445-448
247.
Thornton J.E., Gershon S. (1988) The history of THA. In Giacobini E, Becker R (eds), Current research in Alzheimer therapy. Taylor and Francis , New York, pp. 267-276
248.
Tierney M.C., Fisher R.H., Lewis A.J., Zorzitto M.L., Snow W.G., Reid D.W., Nieuwstraten P. (1988) The NINCDS/ADRDA workgroup criteria for the clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease: A clinico-pathological study of 57 cases. Neurology38: 359-364
249.
Tuszynski M.H., Buzsaki G., Gage F.H. (1990) Nerve growth factor infusions combined with fetal hippocampal grafts enhance reconstruction of the lesioned septohippocampal projection. Neuroscience36: 33-44
250.
Unsicker K., Reichert Preibsch H., Schmidt R.P., Pettmann B., Labourdette G., Sensenbrenner M. (1987) Astroglial and fibroblast growth factors have neurotrophic functions for cultured peripheral and central nervous system neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA84: 5459-5463
251.
van Nostrand W.E., Wagner S.L., Shankle W.R., Farrows J.S., Dick M., Rozemuller J.M., Kuiper M.A., Wolters E.C., Zimmerman J., Cotman C.W., Cunningham D.D. (1992) Decreased levels of soluble β-amyloid protein precursor in cerebrospinal fluid of live Alzheimer's disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA89: 2551-2555
252.
Verga L., Frangione B., Tagliavini F., Giaccone G., Migheli A., Bugiani O. (1989) Alzheimer patients and Down patients: cerebral preamyloid deposits differ ultrastructurally and histochemically from the amyloid of senile plaques. Neurosci Lett105: 294-299
253.
Vogt W. ( 1985) Drugs and the complement system. Trends Pharmacol Sci6: 114-119
254.
Vyklicky L., Patneau D.K., Mayer M.L. (1991) Modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by drugs that reduce desensitization at AMPA/kainate receptors. Neuron7: 971-984
255.
Wahlestedt C., Golanov E., Yamamoto S., Yee F., Ericson H., Yoo H., Inturrisi C.E., Reis D.J. (1993a) Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to NMDA-R1 receptor channel protect cortical neurons from excitotoxicity and reduce focal ischaemic infarctions. Nature363: 260-263
256.
Wahlestedt C., Merlo E., Pich M., Koob G.F., Yee F., Heilig M. (1993b) Modulation of anxiety and neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptors by antisense oligonucleotides. Science259: 528-531
257.
Walker C. (1990) Ergoloid mesylates vs. Alzheimer's disease: the latest round. Geriatrics45: 22-24
Wettstein A. (1983) No effect from double-blind trial of physostigmine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol13: 210-212
260.
Wettstein A., Spiegel R. (1984) Clinical trial with the cholinergic drug RS 86 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) . Psychopharmacol Berl84: 572-573
261.
Whelpton R., Hurst P. (1985) Bioavailability of oral physostigmine. N Engl J Med313: 1293-1294
262.
White P., Hiley C.R., Goodhardt M.J., Carrasco L.H., Keel J.P., Williams I E J, Bowen D.M. (1977) Neocortical cholinergic neurons in elderly people . Lancet1: 668-671
263.
Whitehouse P.J., Price D.L., Clark A.W., Coyle J.T., DeLong M R. (1981) Alzheimer disease: evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis. Ann Neurol10: 122-126
264.
Whitehouse P., Price, D., Strubble R., Clark A., Coyle J., DeLong M. (1982) Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: loss of neurons in the basal forebrain. Science215: 1237-1239
265.
Whitson J.S., Selkoe D.J., Cotman C.W. (1989) Amyloid protein enhances the survival of hippocampal neurons in vitro. Science243: 1488-1490
266.
Wilcock G.K. (1993) Nerve growth factor and other experimental approaches . In Levy R, Howard R, Burns A (eds), Treatment and care in old age psychiatry. Wrightson Biomedical Publishing Ltd, pp. 3-10
267.
Wilcock G.K., Esiri M.M. (1982) Plaques, tangles and dementia. A quantitative study . Neurol Sci56: 343-356
268.
Williams L.R., Varon S., Peterson G.M., Wictorin K., Fischer W., Bjorklund A., Gage F.H. (1986) Continuous infusion of nerve growth factor prevents basal forebrain neuronal death after fimbria fornix transection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA83: 9231-9235
269.
Wisniewski H.M., Sinatra R.S., Iqbal K., Grundke-Iqbal I. (1981) Neurofibrillary and synaptic pathology in the aged brain. In Johnson J E Jr (ed.), Aging and cell structure vol 1. Plenum Publishing Corp ., New York, pp. 105-141
270.
Wojcik M., Ulas J., Oderfeld-Nowak N.B. (1982) The stimulating effect of ganglioside injections on the recovery of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the hippocampus of the rat after septal lesions. Neuroscience7: 405-499
271.
Wolthius O.L. (1971) Experiments with UCB 6215, a drug which enhances acquisition in rats: its effects compared with metamphetamine. Eur J Pharmacol16: 283-297
272.
Wolthius O.L. (1981) Behavioural effects of etiracetam in rats. Pharmacol, Biochem Behav15: 247-255
273.
Wong C.W., Quaranta V., Glenner G.G. (1985) Neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer diseases are antigenetically related. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA82: 8729-8732
274.
Yankner B.A., Dawes L.R., Fisher S., Villa-Komaroff L., Oster-Granite M.L., Neve R.L. (1989) Neurotoxicity of a fragment of the amyloid precursor associated with Alzheimer's disease. Science245: 417-420
275.
Yankner B.A., Duffy L.K., Kirschner D.A. (1990) Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides. Science250: 279-282