STAR*D: a summary and UK perspective

Anderson IM Nutt DJ Deakin JFW (2008) Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2000 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines . J Psychopharmacol 14: 1 - 54 .

Aronson R Offman HJ Joffe RT Naylor CD (1996) Triiodothyronine augmentation in the treatment of refractory depression: a meta-analysis . Arch Gen Psychiatry 53: 842 - 848 .

BNF (2008) Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary. 55 ed. London: British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.

Bschor T Lewitzka U Sasse J Adli M Koberle U Bauer M (2003) Lithium augmentation in treatment-resistant depression: clinical evidence, serotonergic and endocrine mechanisms . Pharmacopsychiatry 36(Suppl. 3): S230 - S234 .

Cooper-Kazaz R Apter JT Cohen R Karagichev L Muhammed-Moussa S Grupper D (2007) Combined treatment with sertraline and liothyronine in major depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial . Arch Gen Psychiatry 64: 679 - 688 .

Debonnel G Saint-André E Hébert C de Montigny C Lavoie N Blier P (2007) Differential physiological effects of a low dose and high doses of venlafaxine in major depression . Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 10: 51 - 61 .

Demyttenaere K Jaspers L (2008) Bupropion and SSRI-induced side effects . J Psychopharmacol 22: 792 - 804 .

Fava M Rush AJ Wisniewski SR Nierenberg AA Alpert JE McGrath PJ (2006) A comparison of mirtazapine and nortriptyline following two consecutive failed medication treatments for depressed outpatients: a STAR*D report . Am J Psychiatry 163: 1161 - 1172 .

Hawley CJ Gale TM Sivakumaran T (2002) How does the threshold score to enter a major depression trial influence the size of the available patient population for study ? J Affect Disord 71: 181 - 187 .

Hoehn-Saric R Ninan P Black DW Stahl S Greist JH Lydiard B (2000) Multicenter double-blind comparison of sertraline and desipramine for concurrent obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 57: 76 - 82 .

Hollyman JA Freeling P Paykel ES Bhat A Sedgwick P (1988) Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of amitriptyline among depressed patients in general practice . J R Coll Gen Pract 38: 393 - 397 .

Kirsch I Deacon BJ Huedo-Medina TB Scoboria A Moore TJ Johnson BT (2008) Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration . PLoS Med 5: e45 .

Lagomasino IT Dwight-Johnson M Simpson GM (2005) Psychopharmacology: the need for effectiveness trials to inform evidence-based psychiatric practice . Psychiatr Serv 56: 649 - 651 .

McGrath PJ Stewart JW Fava M Trivedi MH Wisniewski SR Nierenberg AA (2006) Tranylcypromine versus venlafaxine plus mirtazapine following three failed antidepressant medication trials for depression: a STAR*D Report . Am J Psychiatry 163: 1531 - 1541 .

Melichar JK Haida A Rhodes C Reynolds AH Nutt DJ Malizia AL (2001) Venlafaxine occupation at the noradrenaline reuptake site: in-vivo determination in healthy volunteers . J Psychopharmacol 15: 9 - 12 .

Montgomery SA Baldwin DS Blier P Fineberg NA Kasper S Lader M (2007) Which antidepressants have demonstrated superior efficacy? A review of the evidence . Int Clin Psych 22: 323 - 329 .

National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2007) Depression: management of depression in primary and secondary care (amended). Clinical Guideline 23. London: NICE.

Nierenberg AA Fava M Trivedi MH Wisniewski SR Thase ME McGrath PJ (2006) A comparison of lithium and T3 augmentation following two failed medication treatments for depression: a STAR*D report . Am J Psychiatry 163: 1519 - 1530 .

Nutt DJ (1995) The anxiety factor in depression . J Psychopharm 9: 185 - 189 .

Nutt DJ (2005) Death by tricyclic: the real antidepressant scandal ? J Psychopharm 19: 123 - 124 .

Nutt DJ Sharpe M (2008) Uncritical positive regard? Issues in the efficacy and safety of psychotherapy . J Psychopharmacol 22: 3 - 6 .

Richelson E (2002) The clinical relevance of antidepressant interaction with neurotransmitter transporters and receptors . Psychopharm Bull 36: 133 - 150 .

Roland M Torgerson DJ (1998) Clinical review understanding controlled trials: what are pragmatic trials ? BMJ 316: 285 .

Rush AJ Trivedi MH Ibrahim HM Carmody TJ Arnow B Klein DN (2003) The 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR): a psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression . Biol Psychiatry 54: 573 - 583 .

Rush AJ Trivedi MH Wisniewski SR Stewart JW Nierenberg AA Thase ME (2006) Bupropion-SR, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR after failure of SSRIs for depression . N Engl J Med 354: 1231 - 1242 .

Schulberg HC Katon W Simon GE Rush AJ (1998) Treating major depression in primary care practice: an update of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Practice Guidelines . Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 1121 - 1127 .

Schulberg HC Katon WJ Simon GE Rush AJ (1999) Best clinical practice: guidelines for managing major depression in primary medical care . J Clin Psychiatry 60(Suppl. 7): 19 - 26 .

Stahl SM (2008) Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications, second ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , p. 290.

Thase ME Friedman ES Biggs MM Wisniewski SR Trivedi MH Luther JF (2007) Cognitive therapy versus medication in augmentation and switch strategies as second-step treatments: a STAR*D report . Am J Psychiatry 164: 739 - 752 .

Trivedi MH Fava M Wisniewski SR Thase ME Quitkin F Warden D (2006a) Medication augmentation after the failure of SSRIs for depression . N Engl J Med 354: 1243 - 1252 .

Trivedi MH Rush AJ Wisniewski SR Nierenberg AA Warden D Ritz L (2006b) Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice . Am J Psychiatry 163: 28 - 40 .

Tyrer P Methuen C (2007) Rating Scales in Psychiatry. London: RCPsych Publications, p. 7.

Valenstein M (2006) Keeping our eyes on STAR*D . Am J Psychiatry 163: 1484 - 1486 .

West M (1936) Klondike Annie. Paramount Pictures .

Wilson SJ Bailey JE Rich AS Adrover M Potokar J Nutt DJ (2004) Using sleep to evaluate comparative serotonergic effects of paroxetine and citalopram . Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 14: 367 - 372 .

Wingo AP Ghaemi SN (2007) STAR*D level IV methodology . Am J Psychiatry 164: 681 .