We describe the case of a patient who developed depression following bilateral orchidectomy for cryptorchidism. He was treated with a conventional selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, but continued to take St John’s wort (hypericum) against medical advice. He subsequently developed a manic episode. We discuss postulated modes of action of St John’s wort and the possible aetiological importance of testosterone replacement and abnormal gonadotrophin levels in this case.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abramowicz M (ed.) (1997) St John’s wort. Med Lett Drugs Therap39: 107-108
2.
Alexander GSwerdloff R, Wang C, Davidson T, McDonald V, Steiner B, Hines M (1997) Androgen-behaviour correlations in hypogonadal men and eugonadal men 1. Mood and response to auditory sexual stimuli. Hormones and Behaviour31: 110-119
3.
Archer J (1991) The influence of testosterone on human aggression. Br J Psychol32: 1-28
4.
Chavez M L, Pharm D, Chavez P I (1997) Saint John’s wort. Hosp Pharm12: 1621-1632
5.
Delito J, Beyer D (1998) The scientific, quasi-scientific and popular literature on the use of St John’s wort in the treatment of depression. J Affect Disord51: 345-351
6.
Diler R, Avci A (1999) SSRI induced mania in obsessive compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry38: 6-7
7.
Drevets W, Price J, Simpson J, Todd R, Reich T, Vannier M, Raichle M (1997) Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders. Nature386: 824-827
8.
Feighner J, Boyer W, Tyler D, Neborsky R (1990) Adverse consequences of fluoxetine-MAOI combination therapy. J Clin Psychiatry51: 222-225
9.
Fink G, Sumner B, McQueen J, Wilson H, Rosie R (1998) Sex steroid control of mood, mental state and memory. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol25: 764-775
10.
George M, Ketter T, Parekh P, Horowitz B, Herscovitch P, Post R (1995) Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women. Am J Psychiatry152: 341-351
11.
Goldstein B, Goodnick P (1998) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of affective disorders-III. Tolerability, safety and pharmacoeconomics. J Psychopharmacol12 (Suppl. B): S55-S87
12.
Goodwin G, Cavanagh J, Glabus M, Kehoe R, O’Carrol R, Ebmeier K (1997) Uptake of 99mTc-exametazime shown by single photon emission computed tomography before and after lithium withdrawal in bipolar patients: associations with mania. Br J Psychiatry170:426-430
13.
Hunter R, Christie J, Whalley L, Bennie J, Carrol S, Dick H, Goodwin G, Wilson H, Fink G, (1989) Luteinizing hormone responses to LHRH in acute mania and the effects of lithium on LHRH and thyrotrophin releasing hormone tests in volunteers. Psychol Med19: 69-77
14.
Hyttel J (1993) Comparative pharmacology of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Nord J Psychiatry47 (Suppl. 30): 5-20
15.
Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow C, Pauls A, Weidenhammer W, Melchart D (1996) St John’s wort for depression-an overview and meta-analysis of random controlled trials. BMJ313: 253-258
16.
Peet M (1994) Induction of mania with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. Br J Psychiatry164: 549-550
17.
Post R, Ketter T, Pazzaglia P, Dennicoff K, George M, Callaghan A, Leverich G, Frye M (1996) Rational polypharmacy in the bipolar affective disorders. Epilepsy Res11 (Suppl.): 153-180
18.
Spigset O (1999) Adverse reactions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: reports from a spontaneous reporting system. Drug Safety20: 277-287
19.
Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely R D, Richelson E (1997) Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol340: 249-258
20.
Whalley L, Christie J, Bennie J, Dick H, Blackburn I, Blackwood D, Sanchez-Watts D, Fink G (1985) Selective increase in plasma luteinizing hormone concentrations in drug-free young men with mania. BMJ290: 99-102
21.
Whalley L, Christie J, Bennie J, Dick H, Sloan-Murphy J, Fink G (1987a) Elevated plasma luteinizing hormone concentration, cryptotchidism and mania. Psychoneuroendocrinology12: 73-77
22.
Whalley L, Kutcher S, Blackwood D, Bennie J, Dick H, Fink G, et al. (1987b) Increased plasma LH in manic-depressive illness: evidence of a state-independent abnormality. Br J Psychiatry150: 682-684