‘I lost over 700 tubers of yam but am glad I am still alive’: Implications of victimhood and displacement on conflict management – Insights from displaced farmers in North Central Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the victimisation and challenges faced by the displaced agricultural community in North-Central Nigeria. The study argues that the significant loss and suffering experienced within this victimisation context contribute to the emergence of post-displacement stressors and act as catalysts for further acts of violence. A sample of 42 participant was selected using a combination of convenience sampling, snowball sampling, and purposeful sampling techniques. The participant were chosen from Daudu camps 1 and 2 (Mbawa), the Gbajimba internally displaced person (IDP) camp (Nzorov), and the Naka IDP camp (Ikyaghev). Data collection involved 8 focus group discussions with victims and 42 in-depth interviews with primary, secondary, and reintegrated victims, as well as representatives of herders. In addition, 14 key informant interviews were conducted with personnel from active non-governmental organisations (NGOs), IDP camp officials, State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) officials, police and army personnel, the head of a local vigilante group, and traditional district heads. Qualitative data analysis was performed thematically using NVIVO 12 Plus, a qualitative data analysis software. The findings highlight that food insecurity emerges as the primary challenge faced by the displaced population. Other challenges include poor living conditions, inadequate healthcare, a lack of employment opportunities, a high number of out-of-school children, emotional difficulties, and water and sanitation problems. Returnees face challenges in reconstructing damaged properties, establishing water sources, and ensuring adequate security. Most participant rely on support from SEMA, humanitarian NGOs, and donations from private individuals and groups. Based on the research results, the study proposes relevant policies for the government and other agencies involved in assisting displaced populations. It emphasises the need for the government to engage with individuals and groups to provide long-term assistance for victims’ rehabilitation, reintegration, and recovery.