BaeI. (1992). A Survey on Public Acceptance of Restitution as an Alternative to Incarceration for Property Offenders in Hennepin County, Minneseota, D.S.A. In Restorative Justice on Trial (MessmerH.OttoH-U., eds.) pp. 291–307. Kluwer Academic Publishers; Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
2.
BarnlundD.C.YoshidaM. (1990). Apologies: Japanese and American Style. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 193–206.
3.
BenedictR. (1946). The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture. Houghton Mifflin Company; Boston, MA.
4.
BeverlyE. (2001). The Power of Apology: Healing Steps to Transform all your Relationships. Wiley; New York.
5.
BraithwaiteJ. (1989). Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge University Press; New York, NY.
6.
BraithwaiteJ. (1999). Restorative Justice: Assessing Optimistic and Pessimistic Accounts. In Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 25 (TonryM., ed.) pp. 1–127. The University of Chicago Press; Chicago, IL.
7.
BrownellA.ShumakerS.A. (1984). Social Support: An Introduction to a Complex Phenomenon. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 1–9.
8.
ChristieN. (1977). Conflicts as Property. British Journal of Criminology, 17, 1–15.
9.
CoatesR.GehmJ.R. (1989). An Empirical Assessment. In A1ediatioll and Criminal Justice (WrightM.GalawayB., eds.) pp. 251–263. Sage; London.
10.
CobbC. (1976). Social Support as Moderator of Life Stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300–314.
11.
DeckerS.WrightR.LougieR. (1993). Perceptual Deterrence among Active Residential Burglars: A Research Note. Criminology, 31, 135.
12.
DussichJ. (1988). Social Coping: A Theoretical Model for Understanding Victimization and Recovery. In Victinlology, Vol. 1 (ZvonimierS., ed.) pp. 15–105. Zagreb.
13.
DussichJ.FridayP.OkadaT.YamagamiA.KnudtenR. (2001). Different Responses to Violence in Japan and America. Criminal Justice Press; Monsey, NY.
14.
FeldB.C. (1999). Rehabilitation, Retribution and Restorative Justice: Alternative Conceptions of Juvenile Justice. In Restorative Juvenile Justice: Repairing the Harm of Youth Crime (BazemoreG.WalgraveL., eds.) pp. 17–44. Criminal Justice Press; Monsey, NY.
15.
FitzgibbonsR.P. (1986). The Cognitive and Emotive Uses of Forgiveness in the Treatment of Anger. Psychotherapy, 23, 629–633.
16.
FooteD.H. (1992). The Benevolent Paternalism of Japanese Criminal Justice. California Law Review, 80, 317–390.
17.
FridayP.C. (1999). An Overview of Restorative Justice Programs and Issues. Presented to the International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council (ISPAC) of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.
18.
GalawayB. (1992). The New Zealand Experience Implementing the Reparation Sentence. In Restorative Justice on Trial (MessmerH.OttoH.-U., eds.) pp. 291–307. Kluwer Academic Publishers; Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
19.
HagemannO. (1991). Coping and Mediation: Implications of a Research Study on Victims of Assault and Burglary. In Victims and Criminal Justice (KaiserG.KuryH.AlbrechtH.-J., eds.) pp. 879–897. Eigenverlag Max-Planck-Institute; Herstellung, Gennany.
20.
HaleyJ.O. (1999). Apology and Pardon: Learning from Japan. In Civic Repentance (EtzioniA., ed.) pp. 97–120. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.; Boston, MA.
21.
HigginsD.SnyderR.C. (1996). North Carolinians Want Alternative Sentences for Nonviolent Offenders. Overcrowded Times, 7 (4), 12–15.
22.
HosoiY.NishimuraH. (1999). The Role of Apology in the Japanese Criminal Justice System. Paper presented at the Restoration for Victims of Crime Conference convened by the Australian Institute of Criminology in conjunction with Victims Referral and Assistance Service and held in Melbourne, 1999.
23.
IkedaR. (1993). A Comparative Study of Apology: Japanese and Americans. Nihongo Gaku, 12, 12–21.
24.
Janoff-BulmanR. (1985). Aftermath of Victimization: Rebuilding Shattered Assumptions. In Trauma and its Wake: The Study and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (FigleyC., ed.) pp. 15–35. Bruner/Mazel; New York.
25.
KutashI. (1978). Treating the Victim of Aggression. In Violence: Perspective on Murder and Aggression (KutashI.SchlesingerL., eds.). Jossey-Bass; San Francisco, CA.
LurigioA.J.ResickP.A. (1990). Healing the Psychological Wounds of Criminal Victimization: Predicting Postcrime Distress and Recovery. In Victims of Crime: Problems, Policies, and Programs (LurigioA.J.SkoganW.G.DavisR.C., eds.) pp. 50–68. Sage Publications, Inc.; Newbury Park, CA.
28.
MurphyJ.G. (1988). Forgiveness and Resentment. In Forgiveness and Mercy (MurphyJ.G.HamptonJ., eds.) pp. 14–34, Cambridge University Press; New York, NY.
29.
NewmanG. (1976). Comparative Deviance: Perception and Law in Six Cultures. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Inc.; New York, NY.
30.
NewmanG. (1999). Global Report on Crime and Justice‥ Published for the United Nations. Oxford University Press, Inc.; New York, NY.
31.
NugentW.PaddockJ. (1995). The Effect of Victim-Offender Mediation on Severity of Reoffense. Mediation Quarterly, 12 (4), 353–367.
32.
NugentW.R.UmbreitM.S.WiinamakiL.PaddockJ. (2001). Participation in Victim-Offender Mediation and Re-Offense: Successful Replications?Journal of Research on Social Work Practice, 11 (1), 5–23.
33.
ReichelP.L. (1999). Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: A Topical Approach. Second Edition. Prentice Hall; Upper Saddle River, NJ.
34.
RossR. (1980). Socio-Cognitive Development in the Offender: An Experimental Review of the UVIC Program at Matsqui Penitentiary. Ministry of the Solicitor General; Ottawa.
35.
RossR.FabianoE.EwlesC. (1988). Reasoning and Rehabilitation. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 32, 29–35.
36.
SasakiT. (2000). Nihon no Shiho Bunka (Judicial Culture in Japan). Bungei Shinsho; Tokyo, Japan.
37.
SessarK. (1990). Tertiary Victimization: A Case of the Politically Abused Crime Victims. In Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation (GalawayB.HudsonJ., eds.) pp. 137–145. Criminal Justice Press; Monsey, NY.
38.
ShikitaM. (1982). Integrated Approach to Effective Administration of Criminal and Juvenile Justice. In Criminal Justice in Asia: The Quest for an Integrated Approach (GeorgeB.J.Jr., ed.) UNAFEL; Tokyo.
39.
StrangH. (1999). Restoring Victims: An International View. Paper presented at the Restoration for Victims of Crime Conference convened by the Australian Institute of Criminology in conjunction with Victims Referral and Assistance Service and held in Melbourne, 1999.
40.
SugimotoN. (1999). Norms of Apology Depicted in U.S. American and Japanese Literature on Manners and Etiquette. In Japanese Apology Across Disciplines (SugimotoN., ed.) pp. 47–78. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.; Commack, NY.
41.
SykesG.M.MatzaD. (1957). Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22, 667–670.
42.
TavuchisN. (1991). Mea Culpa: Sociology of Apology and Reconciliation. Stanford University Press; Stanford, CA.
43.
TovEva (1991). Victims Coping with Crime: The Development of an Instrument. In Victims and Criminal Justice (KaiserG.KuryH.AlbrechtH.-J., eds.) pp. 879–897. Eigenverlag Max-Planck-Institute; Herstellung, Germany.
44.
UmbreitM. (1990). The Meaning of Fairness to Burglary Victims. In Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation (GalawayB.HudsonJ., eds.) pp. 47–57. Criminal Justice Press; Monsey, NY.
45.
WagatumaH.RosettA. (1986). The Implications of Apology: Law and Culture in Japan and the United States. Law &Society Review, 20 (4), 461–498.
46.
WalkerS. (2001). Sense and Nonsense about Crime and Drugs: A Policy Guide. (5th Ed.) Wadsworth; Belmont, CA.
47.
WallaceH. (1998). Victimology: Legal, Psychological, and Social Perspectives. A Viacom Company; Needham Heights, MA.
48.
WorthmanC.B.ConwayT.L. (1985). The Role of Social Support in Adaptation and Recovery from Physical Illness. In Social Support and Health (CohenSymeL., eds.) pp. 281–302. Academic Press; New York.
49.
WilsonJ.Q.AbrahamseA. (1992). Does Crime Pay?Justice Quarterly, 9, 359–377.