Fallon M. Opioid rotation: does it have a role?Palliat Med1997; 11: 177–178.
2.
Maddocks I, Somogyi A, Abbott F, Hayball P, Parker D. Attenuation of morphine-induced delirium in palliative care by substitution with infusion of oxycodone. J Pain Symptom Manage1996; 12: 182–189.
3.
De-Conno F, Caraceni A, Martini C, Spoldi E, Salvetti M, Ventafridda V. Hyperalgesia and myoclonus with intrathecal infusion of high dose morphine. Pain1991; 47: 337–339.
4.
Sjogren P, Jensen N-H, Jensen TS. Disappearance of morphine-induced hyperalgesia after discontinuing or substituting morphine with other opioid antagonists. Pain1994; 59: 313–316.
5.
Hagen N, Swanson R. Strychnine-like multifocal myoclonus and seizures in extremely high-dose opioid administration: treatment strategies. J Pain Symptom Manage1997; 14: 51–58.
6.
Smith GD, Smith MT. Morphine-3-glucuronide: evidence to support its putative role in the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of morphine in the rat. Pain1995; 62: 51–60.
7.
Labella FS, Pinksy C, Havlicek V. Morphine derivatives with diminished opiate receptor potency show enhanced central excitatory activity. Brain Res1979; 174: 263–271.
8.
Frenk H, Watkins LR, Mayer DJ. Differential behavioral effects induced by intrathecal microinjection of opiates: comparison of convulsive and cataleptic effects produced by morphine, methadone, and D-ala2-methionine-enkephalinamide. Brain Res1984; 299: 31–42.
9.
Gregory RE, Grossman S, Sheidler VR. Grand mal seizures associated with high-dose intravenous morphine infusions: incidence and possible etiology. Pain1992; 51: 255–258.
10.
Corbett AD, Paterson SJ, Kosterlitz HW. Selectivity of ligands for opioid receptors. In: Herz A ed. Opioids. London: Springer, 1993: 657–672.
11.
Gorman AL, Elliott KJ, Inturrisi CE. The D- and L-isomers of methadone bind to the non-competitive site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in rat forebrain and spinal cord. Neurosci Lett1997; 223: 5–8.
12.
Bruera E, Pereira J, Watanabe S, Belzile M, Kuehn N, Hanson J. Opioid rotation in patients with cancer pain. Cancer1996; 78: 852–857.
