Norris F., Shepherd R., Denys E. et al. Onset, natural history and outcome in idiopathic adult motor neuron disease. J Neurol Sci1993; 118: 48-55.
2.
Williams DB, Floate DA, Leicester J.Familial motor neuron disease: differing penetrance in large pedigrees . J Neurol Sci1988; 86: 215-30.
3.
Tandan R., Bradley WGAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis: part 1. Clinical features, pathology and ethical issues in management. Ann Neurol1985; 18: 271-80.
4.
Martin JE, Swash M., Schwartz MSNew insights into motor neuron disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol1990; 16: 97-110.
5.
Armon C., Kurland LT, Smith GE, Steele JCSporadic and Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: epidemiological implications. In: Smith RA ed. Handbook of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1992: 93-131.
6.
Kondo K.Epidemiology of motor neurone disease: ageing and exhaustion hypotheses re-visited . In: Rose FC ed. Research progress in motor neuron disease. London: Pitman, 1984: 20-33.
7.
Mulder DW, Kurland LTMotor neurone disease: epidemiological studies. In: Cosi V, Kato AC, Parlette W, Pinelli P, Poloni M eds. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: therapeutic, psychological and research aspects. New York : Plenum Press, 1987: 325-37.
8.
Kurtzke JFEpidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Adv Neurol1982; 36: 281-302.
9.
Lopez-Vega JM , Culleja J., Combarros O., Polo J., Berciano J.Motor neuron disease in Cantabria. Acta Neurol Scand1988 ; 77: 1-5.
10.
Steele JC, Guzman T.Observations about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the Parkinsonism-dementia complex of guam with respect to epidemiology and etiology. Can J Neurol Sci1987; 14: 358-62.
11.
Munsat T., Andres P., Finison L., Conlon T., Thibodeau L.The natural history of motor neuron loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . Neurology1988; 38: 409-13.
12.
Christensen PB, Hojer-Pederson E., Jensen NBSurvival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in two Danish counties. Neurology1990; 40: 600-604.
13.
Mitsuyama Y.Presenile dementia with motor neuron disease in Japan: clinico-pathological review of 26 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1984; 47: 953-59.
14.
Drachman DB , Kund RWAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an unconventional autoimmune disease?Ann Neurol1989; 26: 269-74.
15.
Leigh PNAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neurone diseases. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg1990; 3: 567-75.
16.
Goonetilleke A.Current therapies in motor neurone disease . Br J Hosp Med1995; 53: 314-17.
17.
Smith MCNerve fibre degeneration in the brain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1960; 23: 269-82.
18.
Brownell B. , Oppenheimer DR, Hughes JTThe central nervous system in motor neurone disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1970 ; 33: 338-57.
19.
Nakanishi T. , Tamaki M., Arasaki K.Maximal and minimal nerve conduction velocities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology1989; 39: 580-83.
20.
Whitehouse P., Wamsley J., Zarbin M., Price D., Tourtellote W., Kuhar M.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: alterations in neurotransmitter receptors. Ann Neurol1983; 14: 8-16.
21.
Pamphlett R. , Kril J., Hng TMMotor neuron disease: a primary disorder of corticomotoneurons?Muscle Nerve1995; 18: 314-18.
22.
Rapport M., Donnenfeld H., Brunner W., Hungund B., Bartfeld H.Ganglioside patterns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brain regions . Ann Neurol1985; 18: 60-67.
23.
Toghi H., Tsukagoshi H., Toyokura Y.Quantitative changes of sural nerves in various neurological diseases . Acta Neuropathol1977; 38: 95-101.
24.
Bradley WG, Good B., Rasool C., Adelman L.Morphometric and biochemical studies of peripheral nerves in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol1983; 14: 267-77.
25.
Averback P. , Crocker P.Regular involvement of Clarke's nucleus in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol1982; 39: 155-56.
26.
Kawamura Y. , Dyck PJ, Shimono M., Okuzaki H., Tateishi J., Doi H.Morphometric comparison of the vulnerability of peripheral motor and sensory neuron in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol1981; 40: 667-75.
27.
Heads T., Pollock M., Robertson A., Sutherland W., Allpress S.Sensory nerve pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Pathol1991; 82: 316-20.
28.
Li TM, Swash M., Alberman E., Day SJDiagnosis of motor neuron disease by neurologists: a study in three countries . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1991; 54: 980-83.
29.
Charcot JMLectures on the diseases of the nervous system (trans. G Sigerson). London: The New Sydenham Society, 1881.
30.
Wechsler IS , Brock S., Weil A.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with objective and subjective (neuritic) sensory disturbances. Arch Neurol Psychiatry1929; 21: 299-310.
31.
Li TM, Alberman E., Swash M.Comparison of sporadic and familial disease amongst 580 cases of motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1988 ; 51: 778-84.
32.
Elian M.Olfactory impairment in motor neuron disease: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1991; 54: 927-28.
33.
Dyck PJ, Stevens JC, Mulder DW, Espinosa REFrequency of nerve fibre degeneration of peripheral motor and sensory neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology1975; 25: 781-85.
34.
Mulder DW, Bushek W., Spring E., Karnes J., Dyck PJMotor neuron disease (ALS): evaluation of detection thresholds of cutaneous sensation. Neurology1983; 33: 1625-27.
35.
Jamal G., Wier A., Hansen S., Ballentyne JPSensory involvement in motor neurone disease: further evidence from automated threshold determination. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1985; 48: 906-10.
36.
Dalakas M., DiChiro G., Hatazawa J., Brooks R.The metabolic status of upper motor neurons in patients with ALS and other motor neuron diseases: a study with positron emission tomography (PET) [Abstract] . Muscle Nerve1986; 9: 100.
37.
Abe K., Fujimura H., Toyooka K. et al. Single-photon emission computed tomographic investigation of patients with motor neuron disease. Neurology1993; 43: 1569-73.
38.
Tyler HRNonfamilial amyotrophy with dementia or multisystem degeneration and other neurological disorders. In: Rowland LP ed. Human motor neuron diseases. New York: Raven Press, 1982.
39.
David A., Gillham RANeuropsychological study of motor neuron disease. Psychosomatics1986; 27: 441-45.
40.
Milner B.Effects of different brain-lesions on card-sorting; the role of the frontal lobes. Arch Neurol1963; 9: 100-110.
41.
Gallassi R. , Montagna P., Ciardalli C., Lorusso S., Moosutu V., Stracchari A.Cognitive impairment in motor neurone disease . Acta Neurol Scand1985; 71: 480-84.
42.
Iwasaki Y., Kinoshita M., Takamiya K., Shiojima T.Cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its relation to motor disabilities. Acta Neurol Scand1990 ; 81: 141-43.
43.
Capitani E. , Della Sala S, Marchetti C. Is there a cognitive impairment in MND? A survey with longitudinal data. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr1994; 145: 11-13.
44.
Poloni M., Capitani E., Mazzini A., Ceroni M.Neuropsychological measures in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their relationship with CT scan-assessed cerebral atrophy. Acta Neurol Scand1986; 74: 257-60.
45.
Gallassi R. , Montagna P., Morreale A. et al. Neuropsychological, electroencephalogram and brain computed tomography findings in motor neurone disease. Eur Neurol1989; 29: 115-20.
46.
Neary D., Snowden J., Mann D., Northern B., Goulding P., Macdermott N.Frontal lobe dementia and motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1990; 53: 23-32.
47.
King HEIntellectual function. In: Mettler FA ed. Selective partial ablation of the frontal cortex. New York: Hoeber Inc., 1949: 178-207.
48.
Atwell CRPsychometric changes following lobotomy. In: Ashburg A, McKhann G, McDonald W eds. Studies in lobotomy. London: Heinemann, 1951 : 428-35.
49.
Wikstrom J. , Paetau A., Palo J., Sulkava R., Haltia M.Classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. Arch Neurol1982; 39: 681-83.
50.
Calne DB, Eisen A.The relationship between Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and motor neuron disease. Can J Neurol Sci1989; 16: 547-50.
51.
Neary D., Snowden J., Mann D., Northern B., Goulding P.Dementia of frontal lobe type. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1988; 51: 353-61.
Deymeer F., Smith TW, DeGirolani U., Drachman DAThalamic dementia and motor neuron disease. Neurology1989; 38: 58-61.
54.
Mann DM, South PWThe topographical distribution of brain atrophy in frontal lobe dementia . Acta Neuropathol1993; 85: 334-40.
55.
Horoupian DS , Thal L., Katzman R. et al. Dementia and motor neuron disease: morphometric, biochemical and Golgi studies. Ann Neurol1984; 16: 305-13.
56.
Sawada H., Udaka F., Kishi Y. et al. Single photon emission computed tomography in motor neuron disease with dementia. Neuroradiology1988; 30: 577-78.
57.
Ferrer I., Roig C., Espino A., Peiro G., Guiu XMDementia of frontal lobe type and motor neuron disease. A Golgi study of the frontal cortex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1991; 54: 932-34.
58.
Mitsuyama U. , Takamiya S.Presenile dementia with motor neuron disease in Japan. A new entity?Ann Neurol1979; 26: 269-74.
59.
Marin-Padilla M.Neurons of layer I.A developmental analysis . In: Peters A, Jones EG.Cerebral cortex, Volume 1. Cellular components of the cerebral cortex. New York: Plenum Press, 1984: 447-78.
60.
White ELCortical circuits: synaptic organization of the cerebral cortex, structure function and theory. Boston: Birkhauser , 1989.
61.
Wightman G. , Mann D., Neary D., Swash N., Anderton BH, Leigh PNNew features of cortical involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [Abstract]. J Neurol1992; 239(suppl 2): S101.
62.
Ferrer I.Dementia of frontal lobe type and amyotrophy. Behav Neurol1992; 5: 87-96.
63.
Kiernan JA, Hudson AJFrontal lobe atrophy in motor neuron diseases. Brain1994; 117: 747-57.
64.
Hudson AJAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its association with dementia, Parkinsonism and other neurological disorders: a review. Brain1981; 104: 217-27.
65.
Kusaka H., Imai T.Pathology of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia . Clin Neuropathol1993; 12: 164-68.
66.
Talbot PR, Goulding PJ, Lloyd JJ, Snowden JS, Neary D., Testa HJInter-relation between 'classic' motor neuron disease and frontotemporal dementia: a neuropsychological and single photon emission computed tomography study . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1995 ; 58: 541-47.
67.
Kew Jjm, Leigh PN, Playford ED et al. Cortical function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a positron emission tomography study. Brain1993; 116: 655-80.
68.
Kew Jjm, Goldstein LH, Leigh PN et al. The relationship between abnormalities of cognitive function and cerebral activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a neuropsychological and positron emission tomography study. Brain1993; 116: 1399-423.
69.
Swash M., Ingram DAPreclinical and subclinical events in motor neurone disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1987; 51: 165-68.
70.
Cavanagh JBMorphological problems posed by 'motor neurone disease'. In: Rose FC ed. Motor neurone disease. Tunbridge Wells: Pitman, 1977.
71.
Pallis CAMotor neurone disease: two awkward questions. In: Rose FC ed. Motor neurone disease. Tunbridge Wells: Pitman, 1977.
72.
Frank AO, Maguire GP eds. Disabling diseases. Oxford: Heinemann, 1988.
73.
Nichols KAPsychological care in physical illness. Second edition. London: Chapman & Hall , 1993.
74.
Horta E.Emotional response to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its impact on management of patient care. In: Caroscio JT ed. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a guide to patient care. New York: Thieme Medical , 1986: 282-89.
75.
Brown WA, Mueller PSPsychological function in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) . Psychosom Med1970; 32: 141-52.
76.
Rosin AJThe problems of motor neurone disease. Age Ageing1976; 5: 37-42.
77.
Peters PK, Swenson WM, Mulder DWIs there a characteristic personality profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? An MMPI study. Arch Neurol1978 ; 35: 321-22.
78.
Schiffer RB , Babigian HMBehavioural disorders in multiple sclerosis, temporal lobe epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an epidemiological study. Arch Neurol1984; 41: 1067-69.
79.
Bocker FM, Seibold I., Neundorfer B.Disability in everyday tasks and subjective status of patients with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr1990; 58: 224-36.
80.
Gould BS, Houpt JL, Norris FHPsychological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Psychosom Med1977; 39: 299-303.
Hogg KE, Goldstein LH, Leigh PNThe psychological impact of motor neurone disease. Psychol Med1994; 24: 625-32.
83.
Hunter MD, Robinson IC, Neilson S.The functional and psychological status of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: some implications for rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil1993; 15: 119-26.
84.
Rosenberg M.Society and the adolescent self-image. New York : Princeton University Press, 1967 .
85.
Bergner M., Bobbitt RA, Pollard WE, Martin DP, Gilson BSThe Sickness Impact Profile: validation of a health status measure . Med Care1976; 14: 57-67.
86.
Hillel AD, Miller RM, Yorkston K., McDonald E., Norris FH, Konikow N.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity scale. In: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rose FC ed. New York: Demos Publications, 1990 : 93-97.
87.
Silverstein MD, Stocking CB, Antel JPAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis and life-sustaining therapy; patients' desires for information, participation in decision-making, and life-sustaining therapy. Mayo Clin Proc1991; 66: 906-13.
88.
Beisecker AE , Cobb AK, Zeigler DKPatients' perspectives of the role of care providers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol1988; 45: 553-56.
89.
Rose FCThe management of motor neurone disease. In: Cosi V, Kato AC, Parlettes W et al. eds. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: therapeutic, psychological and research issues. New York: Plenum, 1987: 167-74.
90.
Williams JM , Klein K., Little M., Haban G.Family observations of everyday cognitive impairment in dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol1986; 1: 103-109.
91.
Rao SM ed. Neurobehavioural aspects of multiple sclerosis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
92.
Stuss DTDisturbances of self-awareness after frontal system damage. In: Prigatano GP, Schacter DL eds. Awareness of deficit after brain injury . New York: Oxford University Press , 1991: 63-83.
93.
Hall JNTowards a psychology of caring. Br J Clin Psychol1990; 29: 129-44.
94.
Croyle RT, Berger SDIllness cognition. In: Maes S, Leventhal H, Johnston M eds. International Review of Health Psychology, Volume 2. Chichester: Wiley , 1993: 29-49.
95.
Newman S, Shipley M eds. Psychological aspects of rheumatic disease . London: Baillière Tindall, 1993.
96.
Lau RR, Bernard TM, Hartman KAFurther explorations of common-sense representations of common illnesses . Health Psychol1989; 8: 195-219.
97.
Leventhal H. , Diefenbach M., Leventhal E.Illness cognition: using common sense to understand treatment adherence and affect cognition interactions . Cogn Ther Res1992; 16: 143-63.
98.
Johnston M., Marteau T., Partridge C., Gilbert P.Changes in patient perceptions of chronic disease and disability with time . In: Schmidt LR, Schwenkmezgar P, Weinman J, Maes S eds. Theoretical and applied aspects of health psychology. Chur: Harwood Academic, 1993: 361-71.
99.
Ginsberg N.Living and coping with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the psychosocial impact . In: Caroscio JT ed. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a guide to patient care. New York: Thieme Medical, 1986: 273-80.
100.
Tyerman AD, Hobbs L., Measures ACQuality of life in family members of persons with chronic neurological disability . In: Trimble MR, Dodson WE eds. Epilepsy and quality of life . New York: Raven Press, 1994: 33-48.
101.
Hornsey J.Empowering patient and carer through terminal MND. Nurs Times1994; 90(29): 37-39.
102.
Moore MKDying at home: a way of maintaining control for the person with ALS/MND . Palliat Med1993; 7: 65-68.
103.
Hicks F., Corcoran G.Should hospices offer respite care to patients with motor neurone disease?Palliat Med1993; 7: 145-50.
104.
Newrick PG , Langton-Hewer R.Motor neurone disease: can we do better? A study of 42 patients. BMJ1984; 289: 539-42.
105.
Way J., Steiner TJMotor neurone disease: what can the GP do?Practitioner1986; 230: 149-53.