To investigate the effects of pressure (Lycra) garment on the spasticity and function of the arm in the early stages after stroke.
Design:
A randomized controlled trial.
Setting:
Occupational therapy unit of a public hospital.
Subjects:
A total of 46 adults with stroke.
Intervention:
After random assignment, for six weeks, both intervention group and control group received a 2 hour/week conventional occupational therapy program, with the intervention group receiving an extra 6 hour/day pressure garment application (long glove).
Main Measures:
Modified Modified Ashworth Scale, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure, and Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test. Eligibility measures: Mini Mental State Examination and Modified Modified Ashworth Scale. Assessments were performed at baseline and six weeks postintervention.
Results:
There were 21 participants with the mean age of 51.19 (8.28) years in the intervention group and 22 participants with the mean (SD) age of 52.82 (8.71) years in the control group. The intervention group had median (interquartile range (IQR)) post-stroke duration of 1 (1) month, while for the control group, they were 2 (2) months. There was no difference in spasticity, and both perceived and actual arm functions between the groups at six weeks after baseline.
Conclusion:
Wearing a pressure garment on the arm for 6 hours daily had no effect in controlling spasticity or on improving arm function in the early stages after stroke.
WatsonMJCrosbyPMatthewsM.An evaluation of the effects of a dynamic Lycra orthoses on arm function in a late stage patient with acquired brain injury. Brain Inj2007; 21(7): 753–761.
2.
GustafssonLPattersonEMarshallK, et al. Efficacy of compression gloves in maintaining edema reductions after application of compression bandaging to the stroke-affected upper limb. Am J Occup Ther2016; 70(2): 7002290030.
3.
GraciesJMFitzpatrickRWilsonL, et al. Lycra garments designed for patients with upper limb spasticity: mechanical effects in normal subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil1997; 78(10): 1066–1071.
4.
GraciesJMMarosszekyJRentonR, et al. Short-term effects of dynamic Lycra splints on upper limb in hemiplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil2000; 81(12): 1547–1555.
5.
BahramizadehMRassafianiMAminianG, et al. Effect of dynamic elastomeric fabric orthoses on postural control in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther2015; 27: 349–354.
6.
HyltonNAllenC.The development and use of SPIO Lycra compression bracing in children with neuromotor deficits. Pediatr Rehabil1997; 1(2): 109–116.
7.
AttardJRithaliaS.A review of the use of Lycra pressure orthoses for children with cerebralpalsy. Int J Ther Rehabil2004; 11(3): 120–126.
8.
WangLJFelderMCaiJY.Study of properties of medical compression fabrics. J Fiber Bioeng Fabr Inf2011; 4(1): 15–22.
9.
KeremMLivaneliogluATopcuM.Effects of Johnstone pressure splints combined with neurodevelopmental therapy on spasticity and cutaneous sensory inputs in spastic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol2001; 43(5): 307–313.
10.
NicholsonJHMortonREAttfieldS, et al. Assessment of upper limb function and movement in children with cerebral palsy wearing Lycra garments. Dev Med Child Neurol2001; 43(6): 384–391.
11.
BlairEBallantyneJHorsmanS, et al. A study of a dynamic proximal stability splint in the management of children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol1995; 37: 544–554.
12.
RennieDJAttfieldSFMortonRE, et al. An evaluation of Lycra garments in the lower limb using 3-D gait analysis and functional assessment (PEDI). Gait Posture2000; 12(1): 1–6.
13.
GustafssonLLunnonJHoyleM, et al. Single-case-design study of finger-to-axilla compression bandaging for edema of the hemiplegic upper limb. Am J Occup Ther2016; 70(2): 7002210010.
14.
MorrisJHJohnAWedderburnL, et al. Dynamic Lycra® orthoses as an adjunct to arm rehabilitation after stroke: a single-blind, two-arm parallel group, randomized controlled feasibility trial. Clin Rehabil2019; 33(8): 1331–1343.
FolsteinMFFolsteinSEMcHughPR.“Mini-mental status”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res1975; 12(3): 189–198.
17.
KayaTKaratepeAGGunaydinR, et al. Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Modified Ashworth Scale in assessing post stroke elbow flexor spasticity. Inter J Rehabil Res2011; 34: 59–64.
18.
AnsariNNNaghdiSHassonS, et al. Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth scale as a clinical tool in measurements of post stroke elbow flexor spasticity. NeuroRehabilitation2009; 24(3): 225–229.
19.
MacDermidJCStratfordP.Applying evidence on outcome measures to hand therapy practice. J Hand Ther2004; 17(2): 165–173.
20.
JebsenRHTaylorNTrieschmannRB, et al. An objective and standardized test of hand function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil1969; 50(6): 311–319.
21.
HunsakerFGCioffiDAAmadioPC, et al. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons outcomes instruments: normative values from the general population. J Bone Joint Surg Am2002; 84(2): 208–215.
22.
SolwaySBeatonDEMcConnellS, et al. The DASH outcome measure user’s manual. 2nd ed.Toronto, ON, Canada: Institute for Work & Health, 2002.
23.
Al-HusunyARampalLZakariaJB.Validation of a Malay Version of Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (MVDASH). In: 3rd Asian Pacific conference on public health, Subang, Malaysia, 14–15November2011, www.acadmed.org.my/view_file.cfm?fileid=453
24.
SutbeyazSYavuzerGSezerN, et al. Mirror therapy enhance lower extremity motor recovery and motor functioning after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Rehabil Med2007; 88(5): 555–559.
25.
PrattJWestG.Pressure garment: a manual on their design and fabrication. 1st ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995.
26.
YuAYickKL.Compression and stretch fit garments. In: MiaoMXinJH (eds) Engineering of high-performance textiles. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 2018, pp.279–303.
27.
KatalinicOMHarveyLAHerbertRD, et al. Stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2010; 9: CD007455.
28.
LanninNAAdaL.Neurorehabilitation splinting: theory and principles of clinical use. NeuroRehabilitation2011; 28(1): 21–28.
29.
RamleeMHGanKB.Function and biomechanics of upper limb in post—stroke patients—a systematic review. J Mech Med Biol2017; 17(6): 1750099.
30.
MacintyreLGilmartinSRaeM.The impact of design variables and aftercare regime on the long-term performance of pressure garments. J Burn Care Res2007; 28(5): 725–733.
31.
PuzeyG.The use of pressure garments on hypertrophic scars. J Tissue Viability2001; 12(1): 11–15.
32.
JackmanMNovakILanninN.Effectiveness of hand splints in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol2014; 56(2): 138–147.
