This series of articles for rehabilitation in practice aims to cover a knowledge element of the rehabilitation medicine curriculum. Nevertheless they are intended to be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience. The competency addressed in this article is ‘The trainee consistently demonstrates a knowledge of the pathophysiology of various specific impairments including bowel dysfunction’ and ‘management approaches for specific impairments including bowel dysfunction’.
Stone JM, Nino-Murcia M., Wolfe VA, Perkash I.Chronic gastrointestinal problems in spinal cord injury patients: a prospective analysis. Am J Gastroenterol1990; 84: 1114-19.
3.
Krogh K., Nielsen J., Djurhuus JC et al. Colorectal function in patients with spinal cord lesions. Dis Colon Rectum1997; 40: 1233-39.
4.
Hennessey A. , Robertson NP, Swingler R., Compston DAUrinary, faecal and sexual dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol1999; 246: 1027-32.
5.
Verhoef M., Lurvink M., Barf HA et al. High prevalence of incontinence among young adults with spinal bifida. Spinal Cord2005; 43: 331-40.
6.
Edwards LL, Quigley EEM, Pfeier RFGastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: frequency and pathophysiology . Neurology1992; 42: 726-32.
7.
Harari D., Coshall C., Rudd AG, Wolfe CDNew-onset fecal incontinence after stroke: prevalence, natural history, risk factors and impact. Stroke2003; 34: 144-50.
8.
Chung EA, Emmanuel AVGastrointestinal symptoms related to autonomic dysfunction following spinal cord injury. Prog Brain Res2006; 152: 317-33.
9.
Craggs MD, Balasubramaniam AV, Chung EAL, Emmanuel AVAberrant reflexes and function of the pelvic organs following spinal injury in man. Auton Neurosci Basic Clin2006 ; 126-127: 355-70.
10.
Krogh K., Mosdal C., Gregersen H., Laurberg S.Rectal wall properties in patients with acute and chronic spinal cord lesions . Dis Colon Rectum2002; 45: 641-49.
Ashraf W., Wszolek ZK, Pfeier RF et al. Anorectal function in fluctuating (on-off) Parkinson's disease: evaluation by combined anorectal manometry and electromyography. Mov Disord1995; 10: 650-57.
Wiesel PH, Norton C., Brazzelli M.Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2004; 4: CD002115.
15.
Spinal Cord Medicine Consortium.Clinical practice guidelines: neurogenic bowel management in adults with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med1998; 21: 248-93.
16.
Curry JI, Osborne A., Malone PSThe MACE procedure: experience in the United Kingdom. J Pediatr Surg1999; 34: 338-40.
17.
Gerharz EW, Vik V., Webb G. et al. The value of the MACE (Malone antegrade colonic enema) procedure in adult patients. J Am Coll Surg1997; 185: 544-47.
18.
Cowlam S., Watson C., Elltringham L. et al. Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy of the left side of the colon . Gastrointest Endosc2007; 65: 1007-14.
19.
Christensen P., Bazzocchi G., Coggrave M. et al. A randomized, controlled trial of transanal irrigation versus conservative bowel management in spinal cord-injured patients . Gastroenterology2006; 131: 738-47.
20.
Gstaltner K. , Rosen H., Hufgard J. et al. Sacral nerve stimulation as an option for the treatment of faecal incontinence in patients suffering from cauda equina syndrome. Spinal Cord2008; 46: 644-47.
21.
Creasey GH, Grill JH, Hoi SU et al. An implantable neuroprosthesis for restoring bladder and bowel control to patients with spinal cord injuries: a multicenter trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil2001; 82: 1512-19.
22.
Randell N., Lynch AC, Anthony A. et al. Does a colostomy alter quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury? A controlled study. Spinal Cord2001; 39: 279-82.