Democracy and the modern nation-state are coextensive. Globalization in the economic sphere and shifting and collapsing borders in the political sphere pose challenges to the nation-state and to democratic practice. Citizenship, identity and civil society take on new meanings when they confront large-scale political and social change. Ethnos, the expression of the particular, as a cultural orientation threatens commitment to demos. The principal problem that democracy confronts in a global universe is the emergence of its others - ethnic nationalism, violence and incivility. This article explores how ethnos emerges from demos, the possibilities for constraining it and normative discussion of democratic loyalty and social equality.
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