Abstract
The underrepresentation of women in leading positions at institutions of higher education is a social problem throughout Europe. The advancement of women in these institutions is therefore the central question addressed in this article. Advancement of women here refers to the actual legal situation of women. The subject of this enquiry is the implementation of the EC directive on the equal treatment of women and men in national regulations. The central hypothesis is that the individual member countries differ in their implementation. The result of the study is that the advancement of women depends on the `cultural type' of the country in question. In countries of the Romance-Catholic cultural area women experience less equal treatment in national law than they do in countries with a discrepancy between language and religion and of the Germanic-Protestant cultural area.
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