Abstract
Our work on the four-stroke dynamic model of the muscular pump of the calf and our video films on venous ambulatory endoscopy allow us to set forth the following concept: there are always one or more openings of tributary veins close to a venous valve.
A vein has a preferential axis of flattening, and its cross-sectional configuration can be defined as: an internal wall, an external wall, two borders and two extremities. The bicuspid valves' cornua are situated on the borders of the vein. Close to the valves we distinguish the commissural tributaries on the vein's borders from the sinusal tributaries on the internal or external walls of the vein.
This configuration has consequences on the local dynamics of the blood; the valve by its protusion into the vein lumen alters the blood flow.
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