Thromboprophylaxis;what is the future,for high risk surgical patients?

Shalhoub J Lawton R Hudson J , et al. Graduated compression stockings as adjuvant to pharmaco-thromboprophylaxis in elective surgical patients (GAPS study): randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 2020; 369: m1309.

Hunt BJ. Preventing hospital associated venous thromboembolism. Br Med J 2019; 365: l4239.

Xu K Chan NC Ibrahim Q , et al. Reduction in mortality following elective major hip and knee surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost 2019; 119: 668–674.

NICE guideline [NG89]. Venous thromboembolism in over 16s: reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng89/chapter/Recommendations#risk-assessment (2018, accessed 7 December 2020).

Shalhoub J Norrie J Baker C , et al.; GAPS Trial Investigators. Graduated compression stockings as an adjunct to low dose low molecular weight heparin in venous thromboembolism prevention in surgery: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 53: 880–885.

Department of Health. VTE Risk Assessment Tool March 2010. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng89/resources/department-of-health-vte-risk-assessment-tool-pdf-4787149213 (accessed 7 December 2020).

Caprini JA. Thrombosis risk assessment as a guide to quality patient care. Dis Mon 2005; 51: 70–78.

Suna K Herrmann E Kröger K , et al. Graduated compression stockings in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary embolism. A propensity-matched retrospective case-control study of 24 273 patients. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 56: 203–210.

Lobastov K Sautina E Alencheva E , et al. Intermittent pneumatic compression in addition to standard prophylaxis of postoperative venous thromboembolism in extremely high-risk patients (IPC SUPER): a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2021; 274: 63–69.

Lobastov K Barinov V Schastlivtsev I , et al. Validation of the Caprini risk assessment model for venous thromboembolism in high-risk surgical patients in the background of standard prophylaxis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2016; 4: 153–160.

Fan C Jia L Fang F , et al. Adjunctive intermittent pneumatic compression in hospitalized patients receiving pharmacologic prophylaxis for venous thromboprophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nurs Scholarsh 2020; 52: 397–405.

Kakkos SK Caprini JA Geroulakos G , et al. Combined intermittent pneumatic leg compression and pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 9: CD005258.

Guyatt GH, Akl EA, Crowther M, Gutterman DD, Schuünemann HJ. Executive Summary: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines CHEST, February 2012 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.1412S3.

Malone PC Agutter PS. The aetiology of deep venous thrombosis. QJM 2006; 99: 581–593.

Arabi Y , Al-Hameed F, Burns KEA, et al. The PREVENT trial: pneumatic compression for preventing venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1305–1315.