The era where surgical excision alone was the sole treatment of venous malformation (VM) is now over. A multidisciplinary approach that utilizes both traditional surgical therapy and endovascular therapy is now the standard of care. Endovascular therapy utilizing primarily both embolization therapy and sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice for surgically ‘inaccessible' VM lesions. Surgical therapy of VM lesions has been shown to be more effective when combined with supplemental endovascular therapy.
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LeeBB, KimHH, MattassiR., YakesW., LooseD., TasnadiG.. A new approach to the congenital vascular malformation with new concept – Seoul Consensus.Int J Angiol2003; 12: 24851.
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LeeBB, MattassiR., LooseD., YakesW., TasnadiG., KimHH. Consensus on controversial issues in contemporary diagnosis and management of congenital vascular malformation –Seoul Communication.Int J Angiol2004; 13: 18292.
LeeBB. Critical issues on the management of congenital vascular malformation.Ann Vasc Surg2004; 18: 38092.
8.
LeeBB. Statues of new approaches to the treatment of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) – single center experiences (editorial review).Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2005; 30: 18497.
9.
LeeBB, KimDI, HuhS.New experiences with absolute ethanol sclerotherapy in the management of a complex form of congenital venous malformation.J Vasc Surg2001; 33: 76472.
KimYW, LeeBB, ChoJH, DoYS, KimDI, KimES. Haemodynamic and clinical assessment of lateral marginal vein excision in patients with a predominantly venous malformation of the lower extremity.Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2007; 33: 1227.
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LeeBB, DoYS, ByunHS, ChooIW, KimDI, HuhSH. Advanced management of venous malformation with ethanol sclerotherapy: mid-term results.J Vasc Surg2003; 37: 5338.
