Compression Therapy in Aeronautic Medicine

Abstract

Aim:

To review the influences of air and space travel on the venous side of the circulation and to assess the consequences for air and space travellers.

Method:

A review of current literature in the field of aeronautical travel has been conducted, with particular reference to the effects on the venous system and use of compression garments.

Synthesis:

The venous system is particularly sensitive to gravitational and pressure changes encountered during air and space travel due to the low pressures normally present in this part of the circulation. The symptoms experienced by air crew may be countered by the use of venous compression stockings, amongst other measures. More sophisticated techniques are required for fighter aviation and space flights. Aircraft and spacecraft travel in a hostile environment in which it is not possible for man to survive without sophisticated layers of protection. In addition, forces of acceleration generated by aircraft flight combine with those of the environment hazarding the safety and the health of navigators. Continuing technical advances allow increased performance towards ever greater speed, better acceleration, a greater range of action and longer periods of time in space.

Conclusion:

Increasingly, the limiting factor in air and space travel appears to be man, who has difficulty in tolerating the environment to which he is exposed. The immediate risk is loss of consciousness and in time there is the risk of health deterioration. The cardiovascular system as a whole is at the centre of this problem and seems to be one of the limiting factors in the design of more advanced aircraft, especially those used for military purposes.