Neutrophil adhesion molecule expression during cardiopulmonary bypass: a comparative study of roller and centrifugal pumps

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether adhesion molecules and markers of cell activation were preferentially increased on blood neutrophils during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and whether such effects were influenced by the use of a roller pump or a centrifugal pump. Forty-six patients undergoing open heart surgery were randomly allocated into either the roller or centrifugal groups. Blood (1 ml volumes) was removed from arterial and venous lines immediately before and 1 h after the start of bypass. Whole blood samples were immunolabelled and flow cytometry used to measure the distribution and expression of the adhesion molecules CD11b, CD18, CD62L on neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, in addition to CD64 on neutrophils and monocytes, and CD14 on monocytes. The expression of CD11b was significantly enhanced on neutrophils in arterial and venous samples from both the roller pump (mean 84% and 100% increase, respectively; p < 0.001) and centrifugal pump (mean 74% and 73% increase, respectively; p < 0.001) groups. Neutrophil L-selectin expression increased to a small but significant extent in arterial and venous samples from the centrifugal pump group (mean 16% increase; p < 0.001) and in venous samples from the roller pump group (mean 10% increase; p < 0.01). Neither the percentage of neutrophils bearing CD11b/CD18, CD62L and CD64, nor the expression of adhesion molecules on lymphocytes and monocytes were modified by 1 h of bypass. These results suggest that patients subjected to CPB with roller or centrifugal pumps are equally at risk to neutrophil activation that could lead to increased interaction of these cells with blood vessel walls.