The haemostatic effectiveness of autologous platelet rich plasma sequestered after heparin administration and institution of cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract

Preoperative harvesting and postoperative reinfusion of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been reported to decrease blood loss as well as the requirement for homologous blood transfusion following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We have developed a technique of intraoperative PRP sequestration which occurs during the initial period of CPB after the patient's circulation is supported and heparin has been given (PRP+). This process does not require any additional hardware, personnel or expense and it is performed without difficulty or complication.

To evaluate the effect of PRP+ sequestration and reinfusion on blood loss and homologous blood requirement after CPB, we randomly assigned 126 consecutive patients undergoing elective open heart surgery into the experimental group 1 (PRP+) (n = 64) or the control (no platelet pheresis) group 2 (n = 52). A third group (n = 10) were not included in the randomization. Patients in group 3 had PRP prepared by conventional techniques (PRP^c) prior to heparin administration and given to the patient after protamine infusion.

Aggregation and activation studies were performed on the PRP+, PRP^c, and blood bank platelets (BBP). Per cent aggregation of PRP in response to ADP was superior to that of BBP. There were no significant differences in ADP induced aggregation between PRP+ and PRP^c. There was no significant difference in platelet activation (CD62) or number between the three groups. Patients infused with PRP+ showed significantly increased aggregation to ADP when compared with untreated patients 120 minutes after return to the ICW. Furthermore, more homologous haemostatic components (platelets/fresh frozen plasma) were required in the control group.

We have demonstrated that collection of autologous PRP+ after administration of heparin does not interfere with its haemostatic effectiveness compared with PRP^c prepared before the initiation of bypass. Moreover, this can be performed universally in haemodynamically unstable patients without any additional costs.

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