Review articles : Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): prolonged bedside cardiopulmonary bypass

Bartlett RH , Harken DE Instrumentation for cardiopulmonary bypass: past, present and future. Med Instrum 1976; 10: 119-24. 2 Gibbon JH Jr. Artificial maintenance of circulation during experimental occlusion of pulmonary artery . Arch Surg 1937; 34: 1105-31.

McLean J. The discovery of heparin. Circulation 1959 ; 19: 75-78.

Lee WH Jr , Krumhar D. , Fonkalsrud EW et al. Denaturation of plasma proteins as a cause of morbidity and death after intracardiac operations. Surgery 1961; 50: 29-39.

Dobell Arc , Mitri M. , Galva R. et al. Biological evaluation of blood after prolonged recirculation through film and membrane oxygenators. Ann Surg 1965; 161: 617-22.

Clowes Gha Jr , Hopkins AL , Neville WE An artificial lung dependent upon diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through plastic membranes. J Thorac Surg 1956; 32: 630-37.

Kammermeyer K. Silicone rubber as a selective barrier. Ind Eng Chem 1957; 49: 1685.

Kolobow T. , Bowman RL Construction and evaluation of an alveolar membrane artificial heart-lung . Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1963; 9: 238-43.

Kolobow T. , Zapol W. , Sigman RL et al. Partial cardiopulmonary bypass lasting up to seven days in adult lambs with membrane lung blood oxygenation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1970; 60: 781-88.

Hill JD , O'Brien TG , Murray JJ et al. Prolonged extracorporeal oxygenation for acute post-traumatic respiratory failure (shock-lung syndrome): use of the Bramson membrane lung . N Engl J Med 1972; 286: 629-34.

Zapol W. , Pontoppidan H. , McCullough N. et al. Clinical membrane lung support for acute respiratory insufficiency . Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1972; 18: 553-60.

Bartlett RH , Gazzaniga AB , Fong SW et al. Prolonged extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support in man. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1974 ; 68: 918-32.

Zapol WM , Snider MT , Hill JD Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure: a randomized prospective study. JAMA 1979; 242: 2193-96.

Extracorporeal support for respiratory insufficiency, a collaborative study. Prepared in response to RFP-NHLI-73-20. Bethesda, MD, United States Department of Health, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, December 1979.

Hirschl RB Bartlett RH Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in cardiorespiratory failure. Adv Surg 1987; 21: 189-212.

Bartlett RH , Gazzaniga AB , Jefferies MR et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cardiopulmonary support in infancy. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1976; 22: 80-93.

Bartlett RH , Roloff DW , Cornell RG et al. Extracorporeal circulation in neonatal respiratory failure: a prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 1985; 76: 479-87.

O'Rourke PP , Krone R. , Vacanti J. et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and conventional medical therapy in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a prospective randomized study. Pediatrics 1989; 84: 957-63.

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan (as of December 1989).

Bartlett RH , Andrews AF , Toomasian JM et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for newborn respiratory failure: forty-five cases. Surgery 1982; 92: 425-33.

Zwischenberger JB , Bartlett RH Extracorporeal circulation for respiratory or cardiac failure. In: Civetta, Taylor , Kirby eds, Critical Care, Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1988 : 1629-37.

Krummel TM , Greenfield LJ , Kirkpatrick BV et al. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients versus the neonatal pulmonary insufficiency index for prediction of mortality in ECMO candidates. J Pediatr Surg 1984; 19: 380-84.

Anderson HL , Otsu T. , Chapman R. , Bartlett RH Venovenous extracorporeal life support in neonates using a double lumen catheter. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1989; (in press).

Durandy Y. , Chevalier JY , Lecompte Y. Veno-venous extracorporeal lung support: initial experience in paediatric patients. In: Gille JP ed, Neonatal and adult respiratory failure. Mechanisms and treatment. Paris: Elsevier, 1989: 159-72.

Montoya P. , Merz S. , Bartlett RH Unpublished data.

Chapman RA , Toomasian JM , Bartlett RH Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technical specialist manual, ninth edition , 1988.

Bartlett RH , Gazzaniga AB , Toomasian JM et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonatal respiratory failure: 100 cases. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 236-45.

Cilley RE , Zwischenberger JB , Andrews AF et al. Intracranial hemorrhage during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates. Pediatrics 1986; 78: 699.