Is it time to automate the heart lung machine?

Moore FD . Perspectives, surgery. Perspect Biol Med 1982; 25: 698–721.

Miller BJ Gibbon JH Jr Gibbon MH . Recent advances in the development of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus. Ann Surg 1951; 134: 694–708.

Miller BJ Gibbon JH Fineberg C . An improved mechanical heart and lung apparatus; its use during open cardiotomy in experimental animals. Med Clin North Am 1953; 1: 1603–1624.

Romaine-Davis A . The 1950s—Model II. In: John Gibbon and his heart-lung machine. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991, pp.93–101.

Kurusz M . May 6, 1953: the untold story. ASAIO J 2012; 58: 2–5.

Kurusz M . Early techniques of extracorporeal circulation. Perfusion 2003; 18: 191–200.

Kirklin JW DuShane JW Patrick RT , et al. Intracardiac surgery with the aid of a mechanical pump-oxygenator system (Gibbon type): report of eight cases. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1955; 30: 201–206.

American Society of ExtraCorporeal Technology. Standards and guidelines for perfusion practice. Standards and Guidelines 2017, https://www.amsect.org/page/standards-and-guidelines-1117

Wahba A Milojevic M Boer C , et al. 2019 EACTS/EACTA/EBCP guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg 2019; 00: 1–42.

Toomasian JM Lawson DS Harris WE . ‘The circuit’, Chapter 8. In: Annich GM Lynch WR MacLaren G , et al. (eds) ECMO extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support in critical care. 4th ed. Extracorporeal life support organization. Ann Arbor, 2012, pp.107–113.

Pedersen TH Videm V Svennevig JL , et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using a centrifugal pump and a servo regulator to prevent negative inlet pressure. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63: 1333–1339.