Serum level of sCD163,a soluble receptor for hemoglobin,is influenced by cardiac surgery

Abstract

Background:The scavenger receptor for complexes hemoglobin-haptoglobin (CD163), which is expressed on monocytes/ macrophages, is shed to the body fluids in a soluble form (sCD163).

Objectives: To evaluate the dynamics of sCD163 in the blood of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were enrolled in the study. They were assigned to undergo CABG using either cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), “on-pump”, (22 patients), modified CPB, mini “on-pump”, (17 patients) or without CPB, “off-pump”, (22 patients) surgery. Serum levels of sCD163 in venous blood samples taken before and after surgery, and during an early postoperative period, were evaluated by Macro 163^TM diagnostic kit (IQ Products, Groningen, NL).

Results: Compared to the preoperative levels (“on-pump”; 344 ng/mL, “off-pump”; 314.5 ng/mL, mini-invasive “on-pump”; 336.5 ng/mL) serum levels were elevated at the finish of surgery, reaching maximum at the 1^st postoperative day (“onpump”; 658 ng/mL; p<0.05, “off-pump”; 810.5 ng/mL; p<0.01; mini-invasive “on-pump”; 663 ng/mL; non-significant).

No significant differences regarding the serum levels of sCD163 between different surgical approaches were found. Conclusion: Serum level of sCD163 scavenger molecule for hemoglobin is elevated at the end of surgery and at the 1^st postoperative day, being little influenced by cardiopulmonary bypass.

Keywords

sCD163 cardiac surgery cardiopulmonary bypass scavenger receptor inflammation

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Schaer DJ , Schaer ChA , Buehler PW , et al. CD163 is the macrophage scavenger receptor for native and chemically modified hemoglobins in the absence of haptoglobin. Blood 2006; 107: 373-380.

Paparella D. , Yau TM , Young E. Cardiopulmonary bypass induced inflammation: pathophysiology and treatment. An update. Eur J Cardio Thor Surg 2002; 21: 232-244.

Hammer S. , Loeff M. , Reichenspurner H. , et al. Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on myocardial function, damage and inflammation after cardiac surgery in newborns and children. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 49: 349-354.

Rastan AJ , Bittner HB , Gummert JF , et al. On-pump beating heart versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery-evidence of pump-induced myocardial injury. Eur J Cardio Thor Surg 2005; 27: 1057-1064.

Schneider ChP , Schwacha MG , Chaudry IH The role of interleukin-10 in the regulation of the systemic inflammatory response following trauma-hemorrhage . Biochim Biophys Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease 2004; 1686: 22-23.

Greaves DR , Gordon S. Recent insights into the biology of macrophage scavenger receptors . J Lipid Res 2005; 46: 11-20.

Zuwala-Jagiello J. Haemoglobin scavenger receptor: function in relation to disease. Acta Biochim Polonica 2006; 53(2): 257-268.

Moller HJ , Petersen PH , Rejnmark L. , Moestrup SK Biological variation of soluble CD163. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2003; 63: 15-22.

Anselmi A. , Abbate A. , Girola F. , et al. Myocardial ischemia, stunning, inflammation, and apoptosis during cardiac surgery: a review of evidence. Eur J Cardio Thor Surg 2004; 25: 304-311.

10.

Philippidis P. , Mason JC , Evans BJ , et al. Hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 mediates interleukin-10 release and heme oxygenase-1 synthesis: antiinflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses in vitro, in resolving skin blisters in vivo, and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Circ Res 2004; 94: 119-126.

11.

Frings W. , Dreier J. , Sorg C. Only the soluble form of the scavenger receptor CD163 acts inhibitory on phorbol ester-activated T-lymphocytes, whereas membrane-bound protein has no effect . FEBS Letters 2002; 526: 93-96.

12.

Yamazaki H. , Ohta K. , Tsukiji H. , et al. Corticosteroid enhances heme oxygenase-1 production by circulating monocytes by up-regulating hemoglobin scavenger receptor and amplifying the receptor-mediated uptake of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358: 506-512.

13.

Weaver LK , Pioli PA , Wardwell K. , Vogel SN , Guyre PM Up-regulation of human monocyte CD163 upon activation of cell-surface Toll-like receptors. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81: 663-671.

14.

Yeager MP , Pioli PA , Wardwell K. , et al. In vivo eposure to high or low cortisol has biphasic effects on inflammatory response pathways of human monocytes. Anesth Analg 2008; 107: 726-34.

15.

Davis BH , Zarev PV Human monocyte CD163 expression inversely correlates with soluble CD163 plasma levels. Cytometry Part B (Clin Cytometry) 2005; 63B: 16-22.

16.

Sulahian TH , Hintz KA , Wardwell K. , Guyre PM Development of an ELISA to measure soluble CD163 in biological fluids. J Immunol Methods 2001; 252: 25-31.

17.

Emmenegger U. , Schaer DJ , Larroche C. , Neftel KA Haemophagocytic syndromes in adults: current concepts and challenges ahead. Swiss Med Wkly 2005; 135(21-22): 299-314.

18.

Moller HJ , Moestrup SK , Weis N. , et al. Macrophage serum markers in pneumococcal bacteremia: prediction of survival by soluble CD163. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 2561-2566.

19.

Weiss M. , Schneider EM Soluble C. D163: an age-dependent, anti-inflammatory biomarker predicting outcome in sepsis. Crit Care Med 2006; 34(10): 2682- 2683.

20.

Gaïni S. , Pedersen SS , Koldkjaer OG , Pedersen C. , Moestrup SK , Moller HJ New immunological serum markers in bacteraemia: anti-inflammatory soluble CD163, but not pro-inflammatory high mobility group-box 1 protein, is related to prognosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 151: 423-431.

21.

Hiraoka A. , Horiike N. , Akbar F. , Michitaka K. , Matsuyama T. , Onji M. Soluble CD163 in patients with liver diseases: very high levels of soluble CD163 in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. J Gastroenterol 2005; 40: 52-56.

22.

Moller HJ , Gronbaek H. , Schiodt FV , et al. Soluble CD163 from activated macrophages predicts mortality in acute liver failure. J Hepatol 2007; 47: 671-676.

23.

Fabriek BO , Moller HJ , Vloet RPM , et al. Proteolytic shedding of the macrophage scavenger receptor CD163 in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2007 ; 187: 179-186.

24.

Aristoteli LP , Moller HJ , Bailey B. , Moestrup SK , Kritharides L. The monocytic lineage specific soluble CD163 is a plasma marker of coronary atherosclerosis . Atherosclerosis 2006; 184: 342-347.