The talented language learner: some preliminary findings

Adjemian, C. and Liceras, J. 1984: Accounting for adult acquisition of relative clauses: universal grammar, L1, and structuring the intake. In: Eckman, F.R. , Bell, L.H. and Nelson, D. editors, Universals ofsecond language acquisition, Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, 101-18.

Albert, M. and Obler, L.K. 1978: The bilingual brain: neuropsychological and neurolinguistic aspects of bilingualism. New York: Academic Press.

Bain, B. and Yu, A. 1978: Toward an integration of Piaget and Vygotsky: a cross-cultural replication (France, Germany, Canada) concerning cognitive consequences of bilinguality. In: Paradis, M. , editor, Aspects of bilingualism, Columbia, Sc.: Hornbeam Press, 113-26.

Balkan, L. 1970: Les effets du bilingualisme francais-anglais sur les aptitudes intellectuelles. Brussels: AIMAV .

Barlow, D.H. and Hersen, M. 1984: Single-case experimental designs: strategies for studying behavior change. New York: Pergamon Press.

Brown, F.G. 1983: Principles of educational and psychological testing. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Carroll, J.B. 1981: Twenty-five years of research on foreign language aptitude . In: Diller, K.C. , editor, Individual differences and universals in language learning aptitude, Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, 83-118.

Carroll, J.B. and Sapon, S.M. 1959: Modern language aptitude test, Form A, New York: The Psychological Corporation .

Chomsky, N. 1975: Reflections on language. London: Temple Smith. — 1980: Rules and representations. Oxford: Blackwell.

— 1981: Lectures on government and binding. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

Clément, R. 1978: Motivational characteristics of Francophones learning English. Quebec City: International Centre for Research on Bilingualism, Laval University.

Cook, V.J. 1985: Chomsky's universal grammar and second language learning . Applied Linguistics 6, 1, 2-18.

Cummins, J. 1978: Metalinguistic development of children in bilingual education programs: data from Irish and Canadian Ukrainian-English programs. In: Paradis, M. , editor, Aspects of bilingualism, Columbia, SC: Hornbeam Press, 127-38.

Delis, D. , Kaplan, E. , Kramer, J. (Unpublished test) California verbal learning test. San Diego, CA.

Diaz, R.M. 1983: Thought and two languages: The impact of bilingualism on cognitive development. Review of Research in Education 10, 23-54.

Feldman, C. and Shen, M. 1971: Some language-related cognitive advantages of bilingual 5-year-olds. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 118, 235-44.

Felix, S. 1984: Maturational aspects of universal grammar. In: Davies, A. , Criper, C. and Howatt, A. editors, Interlanguage , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

— 1985: More evidence on competing cognitive systems. Second Language Research 1, 47-72.

Fillmore, L.W. 1979: Individual differences in second language acquisition . In: Fillmore, C.J. , Kempler, D. and Wang, W.S-Y. , editors, Individual differences in language ability and language behavior, New York: Academic Press, 203-28.

Flynn, S. 1987: Second language acquisition of pronoun anaphora: resetting the parameter. In: Lust, B. , editor, Studies in the acquisition of anaphora, Volume II: Applying the constraints , Dordrecht: Reidel, 227-43.

Fridlund, A.J. and Delis, D.C. 1987: The California Verbal Learning Test: research edition. San Antonio: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .

Galloway, L.M. 1982: Bilingualism: neuropsychological considerations. Journal of Research and Development in Education 15(3), 12-28.

Gardner, R.C. and Lambert, W.E. 1972: Attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

Gass, S. and Madden, C. , editors, 1985: Input in second language acquisition. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

Gass, S. and Selinker, L. , editors, 1983: Language transfer in language learning. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

Gaziel, T. , Obler, L. , Bentin, S. and Albert, M. 1977: The dynamics of lateralization in second language learning: sex and proficiency effects. Paper presented at the Boston University Conference on language development, Boston, MA.

Genesee, F. and Hamayan, E. 1980: Individual differences in second language learning. Applied Psycholinguistics 1, 95-110.

Geschwind, N. and Behan, P. 1982: Left handedness: association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 79, 5097-100.

Geschwind, N. and Galaburda, A.M. 1985a: Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations and pathology: I. Archives of Neurology 42, 428-59.

— 1985b: Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations and pathology: II. A hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology 42, 521-52.

— 1985c: Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations and pathology: III. Archives of Neurology 42, 634-54.

Goldberg, E. and Costa, L.D. 1981: Hemisphere differences in the acquisition and use of descriptive systems. Brain and Language 14, 144-73.

Gordon, H. and Carmon, A. 1976: Transfer of dominance in speed of verbal response to visually presented stimuli from right to left hemisphere. Perceptual and Motor Skills 42, 1091-100.

Guiora, A. , Beit-Hallahmi, B. , Brannon, R. , Dull, C. and Scovel, T. 1972: The effects of experimentally induced changes in ego states on pronunciation ability in a second language: an exploratory study. Comprehensive Psychiatry 13, 421-28.

Guiora, A. , Brannon, R. and Dull, C. 1972: Empathy and second language learning. Language Learning 22, 111-30.

Guiora, A. , Buchtel, H. , Herold, A. , Homburg, T. and Woken, M. 1983: Right 'hemisphericity' and pronunciation in a foreign language. Paper presented at TESOL '83, Toronto, March.

Hakuta, K. 1983: New methodologies for studying the relationship of bilingualism and cognitive flexibility. TESOL Quarterly 17, 679-81.

Hakuta, K. and Diaz, R.M. 1985: The relationship between degree of bilingualism and cognitive ability: a critical discussion and some new longitudinal data. In: Nelson, K.E. , editor, Children's Language , Volume 5, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 319-44.

Kallman, H.W. and Corballis, M.C. 1975: Ear asymmetry in reaction time to musical sounds. Perception and Psychophysics 17(4), 368-70.

Kazdin, A.E. 1982: Single-case research designs. New York : Oxford University Press.

Klatzky, R.L. 1975: Human memory: structures and processes. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company.

Klein, E. and Pierpont, J.A. 1985: Second language learning: is it all in the head? CUNY Graduate Center, Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences. (unpublished manuscript).

Krashen, S.D. 1973: Lateralization, language learning and the critical period: some new evidence. Language Learning 23(1), 63-74.

— 1975: The development of cerebral dominance and language learning: more new evidence. In: Dato, D. , editor, Developmental psycholinguistics, Georgetown round table on languages and linguistics, Washington, DC.: Georgetown University Press: 209-33.

— 1982: Accounting for child-adult differences in second language rate and attainment. In: Krashen, S.D. , Scarella, R.C. and Long, M.K. , editors, Child-adult differences in second language acquisition, Rowley: Newbury House , 202-26.

Landry, R.G. 1974: A comparison of 2nd-language learners and monolinguals on divergent thinking tasks at the elementary school level. Modern Language Journal 58, 10-15.

Lenneberg, E. 1967: Biological foundations of language. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Lezak, M.D. 1976: Neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.

Liceras, J. 1983: Markedness, contrastive analysis, and the acquisition of Spanish syntax by English speakers. Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto.

Maitre, S. 1974: On the representation of second language in the brain. Master's thesis, UCLA.

Matarazzo, J.D. and Herman, D.O. 1985: Clinical uses of the WAIS-R: base rates of differences between VIQ and PIQ in the WAIS-R standardization sample. In: Wolman, B.B. , editor, Handbook of intelligence , New York: John Wiley and Sons , 899-932.

Mazurkewich, I. 1984: The acquisition of the dative alternation by second language learners and linguistic theory. Language Learning 34, 91-109.

— 1985. Syntactic markedness and language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 7, 15-33.

McLaughlin, B. 1978: Second language acquisition in childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Naiman, N. , Frohlich, M. , Stern, H. and Todesco, A. 1978: The good language learner. The Ontario Institute For Studies in Education: 7.

Novoa, L. , Fein, D. and Obler, L.K. 1988: Talent in foreign languages: a case study. In: Obler, L.K. and Fein, D.A. , editors, The neuropsychology of talent and special abilities . New York: The Guildford Press , 294-302.

Obler, L.K. 1981: Right hemisphere participation in second language acquisition . In: Diller K. , editor, Individual differences and universals in language learning aptitude, Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, 53-64.

Obler, L.K. , Albert, M. and Gordon, H. 1975: Asymmetry of cerebral dominance in Hebrew-English bilinguals . Paper presented at the thirteenth annual conference of the Academy of Aphasia, Victoria, Canada, October.

Oldfield, R.C. 1971: The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9, 97-113.

Penfield, W. 1965: Conditioning and the uncommitted cortex for language learning . Brain 88(4), 787-98.

Reynolds, D.M. and Jeeves, M.A. 1978: A developmental study of hemisphere specialization for recognition of faces in normal subjects. Cortex 14, 511-20.

Rutherford, W. 1986: Grammatical theory and L2 acquisition: A brief overview . Second Language Research 2, 1-15.

Schneiderman, E.I. 1986: Leaning to the right: some thoughts on hemisphere involvement in language acquisition. In: Vaid, J. , editor, Language processing in bilinguals: psycholinguistic and neuropsychological perspectives, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 233-51.

Schneiderman, E.I. and Desmarais, C. (1988): A neuropsychological substrate for talent in second language acquisition. In: Obler, L.K. and Fein D.A. , editors, The neuropsychology of talent and special abilities, New York: The Guilford Press 103-26.

Schneiderman, E.I. and Wesche, M.B. 1983: The role of the right hemisphere in second language acquisition . In: Bailey, K.M. , Long, M.H. and Peck, S. , editors, Second language acquisition studies, Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, 162-74.

Schumann, J. 1976: Social distance as a factor in second language acquisition . Language Learning 26, 135-43.

Scovel, T. 1969: Foreign accents, language acquisition and cerebral dominance . Language Learning 19, 245-54.

— 1977: The ontogeny of the ability to recognize foreign accents . Paper presented at the Los Angeles Second Language Research, UCLA.

Segalowitz, S.J. 1979: Infant cerebral asymmetries and developmental models of brain lateralization. Paper read at the 40th annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological association, Quebec , Canada, June 1979.

— 1983: Cerebral asymmetries for speech in infancy: In: Segalowitz, S.J. , editor, Language functions and brain organization, New York: Academic Press, 221-29.

Seliger, H. , Krashen, S. and Ladefoged, P. 1975: Maturational constraints in the acquisition of a native-like accent in second language learning. Language Sciences 36, 20-22.

Selinker, L. 1972: Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics 10, 209-31.

Sewell, D.F. and Panou, L. 1983: Visual field asymmetries for verbal and dot localization tasks in monolingual and bilingual subjects. Brain and Language 18(1), 28-34.

Silverberg, R. , Bentin, S. , Gaziel, T. , Obler, L.K. and Albert, M.L. 1979: Shift of visual field preference for English words in native Hebrew speakers. Brain and Language 8, 184-90.

Spellacy, F. 1970: Lateral preferences in the identification of patterned stimuli. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 47(2), 574-78.

Sussman, H. , Franklin, P. and Simon, T. 1982: Bilingual speech: bilateral control? Brain and Language 15, 125-42.

Tegano, D.W. , Fu, V.R. and Moran, J.D. 1983: Divergent thinking and hemispheric dominance for language function among preschool children. Perceptual and Motor Skills 56, 691-98.

Vaid, J. 1983: Bilingualism and brain lateralization In: Segalowitz, S.J. , editor, Language functions and brain organization, New York: Academic Press, 315-39.

Vaid, J. and Genesee, F. 1980: Neuropsychological approaches to bilingualism: a critical review. Canadian Journal of Psychology 34, 417-45.

Wechsler, D.A. 1945: A standardized memory scale for clinical use. Journal Of Psychology 19, 87-95.

— 1981: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. Cleveland, Ohio: The Psychological Corporation.

Wesche, M.B. and Schneiderman, E.I. 1982: Language lateralization in adult bilinguals. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 4(2), 153-59.

White, L. 1985a: The pro-drop parameter in adult second language acquisition . Language Learning 35, 47-62.

— 1985b: Island effects in second language acquisition. Paper presented at the conference on linguistic theory and second language acquisition, MIT, Boston, MA.

Witelson, S.F. 1977: Early hemisphere specialization and interhemispheric plasticity: an empirical and theoretical review. In: Segalowitz, S.J. and Gruber, F.A. , editors, Language development and neurological theory, New York: Academic Press, 213-37.