In this study, wave absorption-heat conduction composites were prepared by modifying graphene oxide (GO), followed by ultrasonic mixing with carbonyl iron powder (CIP). The composites (0.1 wt% Cu-coated GO) exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −16.47 dB at 2.0 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) exceeding 1.44 GHz, while the thermal conductivity reached 2.83 W/(m·K), surpassing that of pure carbonyl iron powder (2.66 W/(m·K)). Increasing the content of Cu-coated GO significantly enhanced the thermal conductivity but the absorption properties exhibited a slight decline. At the thickness of 1–2 mm, the reflection loss peaks for the composites are entirely within the S-band. Therefore, the CIP/Cu-coated GO composites demonstrate strong potential for S-band applications.
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