Primary MX phase has a significantly influence on the mechanical property of steels. Thus, it is necessary to control it during solidification. In this work, Y-containing 11Cr F/M steel was prepared by three processes of vacuum induction melting (VIM), Air electroslag remelting (ESR), and Ar-protected ESR. Different precipitates were statistically analyzed using a dual-beam scanning electron microscope with 3.2 mm2 of view. Compared to VIM, both air ESR and Ar ESR could refine the MX phases. Especially, triple-core-shell precipitate of YAlO3—TiN/(Ti, V)N—NbC/(Nb, Mo)C was found in ESR. Due to the nucleation of YAlO3 derived from electroslag reaction and its low lattice mismatch with TiN, MX phases were refined to below 1 μm.
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