With the rapid development of high-speed railway, wheel/rail premature wear and fatigue cracks occur frequently. Laser cladding high-quality coatings with high wear resistance and fatigue resistance on the damaged surface of wheel/rail can prolong its service life. In this review, the latest research progress of laser cladding Fe-based, Co-based and Ni-based coatings on the wear and fatigue of railway wheels/rails at home and abroad is reviewed. It is concluded that the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of Co-based alloy coatings are better than those of other alloy coatings. Adding strengthening elements to alloy powders can improve the welding process and improve the comprehensive properties of the coatings. Additionally, the laser cladding of railway wheel/rail is further envisaged as well.
ClareAOyelolaOFolkesJ,et al.Laser cladding for railway repair and preventative maintenance. J Laser Appl2012; 24: 032004.
2.
WangWJGuoJLiuQY,et al.Effect of laser quenching on wear and damage of heavy-haul wheel/rail materials. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part J2014; 228: 114–122.
3.
HuYZhouLDingHH, et al.Investigation on wear and rolling contact fatigue of wheel–rail materials under various wheel/rail hardness ratio and creepage conditions. Tribol Int2020; 143: 106091.
4.
WangXLLeiLYuH. A review on microstructural features and mechanical properties of wheels/rails cladded by laser cladding. Micromachines2021; 12: 52.
5.
DonzellaGFaccoliMGhidiniA, et al.The competitive role of wear and RCF in a rail steel. Eng Fract Mech2005; 72: 287–308.
6.
ShiHCShiLBDingHH, et al.Influence of laser strengthening techniques on anti-wear and anti-fatigue properties of rail welding joint. Eng Fail Anal2019; 101: 72–85.
7.
ZhangQSIsaacTDaiGZ. Influence of laminar plasma quenching on rolling contact fatigue behaviour of high-speed railway wheel steel. Int J Fatigue2020; 137: 105668.
8.
ChangSPyunYSAmanovA. Wear and chattering characteristics of rail materials by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification. Int J Precis Eng Man2015; 16: 2403–2410.
9.
LiuPTLinZLLiuCP, et al.Effect of surface ultrasonic rolling treatment on rolling contact fatigue life of D2 wheel steel. Materials2020; 13: 5438.
10.
LuPLewisSRFretwell-SmithS, et al.Laser cladding of rail; the effects of depositing material on lower rail grades. Wear2019; 438: 203045.
11.
LewisSRLewisRFletcherDI. Assessment of laser cladding as an option for repairing/enhancing rails. Wear2015; 330: 581–591.
12.
WangWJLewisRYangB, et al.Wear and damage transitions of wheel and rail materials under various contact conditions. Wear2016; 362: 146–152.
13.
WangXLDengDWZhangHC. Effects of mass energy and line mass on characteristics of the direct laser fabrication parts. Rapid Prototyp J2018; 24: 270–275.
14.
WangXLDengDWHuYB, et al.Overhang structure and accuracy in laser engineered net shaping of Fe–Cr steel. Opt Laser Technol2018; 106: 357–365.
15.
DingHHMuXPZhuY, et al.Effect of laser claddings of Fe-based alloy powder with different concentrations of WS2 on the mechanical and tribological properties of railway wheel. Wear2022; 488: 204174.
16.
WangWJFuZKGuoJ, et al.Investigation on wear resistance and fatigue damage of laser cladding coating on wheel and rail materials under the oil lubrication condition. Tribol Trans2016; 59: 810–817.
17.
ErshadMWangZYTengHL. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of a worn rail repaired using laser powder deposition. Int J Transp Sci Technol2022; 11: 406–422.
18.
HeHZhangTMaMX,et al.Microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding particulate reinforced Fe-based composite coating on railway steel. J Laser Appl2017; 29: 022503.
19.
LaiQRalphAYanWY, et al.Influences of depositing materials, processing parameters and heating conditions on material characteristics of laser-cladded hypereutectoid rails. J Mater Process Technol2018; 263: 1–20.
20.
RoyTLaiQAbrahamsR, et al.Effect of deposition material and heat treatment on wear and rolling contact fatigue of laser cladded rails. Wear2018; 412: 69–81.
21.
FuZKDingHHWangWJ, et al.Investigation on microstructure and w ear characteristic of laser cladding Fe-based alloy on wheel/rail materials. Wear2015; 330: 592–559.
22.
LewisSRFretwell-SmithSGoodwinPS, et al.Improving rail wear and RCF performance using laser cladding. Wear2016; 366: 268–278.
23.
WangXLYuH. Reviewing recent developments in enhancing wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) resistance of train wheels and rail track by laser cladding. Lasers Eng2022; 52: 129–150.
24.
NarayananAMostafaviMPirlingT, et al.Residual stress in laser cladded rail. Tribol Int2019; 140: 105844.
25.
WangWJFuZKCaoX, et al.The role of lanthanum oxide on wear and contact fatigue damage resistance of laser cladding Fe-based alloy coating under oil lubrication condition. Tribol Int2016; 94: 470–478.
XieTXZhouLDingHH, et al.Investigation on the rolling contact fatigue behaviors of different laser cladding materials on the damaged rail. J Tribol2021; 143: 051108.
28.
GuoHMWangQWangWJ, et al.Investigation on wear and damage performance of laser cladding Co-based alloy on single wheel or rail material. Wear2015; 328: 329–337.
29.
MengLZhuBBXianC, et al.Comparison on the wear properties and rolling contact fatigue damage behaviors of rails by laser cladding and laser-induction hybrid cladding. Wear2020; 458: 203421.
WangWJHuJGuoJ, et al.Effect of laser cladding on wear and damage behaviors of heavy-haul wheel/rail materials. Wear2014; 311: 130–136.
32.
WangKMChangBHLeiYP, et al.Effect of cobalt on microstructure and wear resistance of Ni-based alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding. Metals2017; 7: 51.
33.
ZhuYYangYMuX, et al.Study on wear and RCF performance of repaired damage railway wheels: assessing laser cladding to repair local defects on wheels. Wear2019; 430: 126–136.
34.
ChuangMHTsaiMHWangWR, et al.Microstructure and wear behavior of AlxCo1.5CrFeNi1.5Tiy high-entropy alloys. Acta Mater2011; 59: 6308–6317.
35.
ChakrabortyGKumarNDasCR, et al.Study on microstructure and wear properties of different nickel base hardfacing alloys deposited on austenitic stainless steel. Surf Coat Technol2014; 244: 180–188.
36.
FernandezMRGarciaACuetosJM, et al.Effect of actual WC content on the reciprocating wear of a laser cladding NiCrBSi alloy reinforced with WC. Wear2015; 324: 80–89.
37.
TongJZhaoLGLinB. Ratchetting strain as a driving force for fatigue crack growth. Int J Fatigue2013; 46: 49–57.
38.
AkamaMKimataT. Numerical simulation model for the competition between short crack propagation and wear in the wheel tread. Wear2020; 448: 203205.
39.
HuYZhouLDingHH, et al.Microstructure evolution of railway pearlitic wheel steels under rolling-sliding contact loading. Tribol Int2021; 154: 106685.
40.
LaiQAbrahamsRYanWY, et al.Investigation of a novel functionally graded material for the repair of premium hypereutectoid rails using laser cladding technology. Composites, Part B Eng2017; 130: 174–191.
41.
TarafMZahafEHOussouaddiO,et al.Numerical analysis for predicting the rolling contact fatigue crack initiation in a railway wheel steel. Tribol Int2009; 43: 585–593.
42.
XiaZXChenLHuangSH, et al.Effect of solid and annular laser heat sources on thermal cycle and solid phase transformation in rail steel manufactured by laser directed energy deposition. J Laser Appl2021; 33: 012049.
43.
PaladuguMHydeRS. Influence of microstructure on retained austenite and residual stress changes under rolling contact fatigue in mixed lubrication conditions. Wear2018; 406: 84–91.
44.
ZhangDWXuPJZhaiWM,et al.Long-term evolution mechanism of the rail weld irregularity in metro lines based on the wear theory. Wear2020; 444: 203160.
45.
WangWJGuoHMDuX, et al.Investigation on the damage mechanism and prevention of heavy-haul railway rail. Eng Fail Anal2013; 35: 206–218.
46.
WangXLDengDWYiHL, et al.Influences of pulse laser parameters on properties of AISI316L stainless steel thin-walled part by laser material deposition. Opt Laser Technol2017; 92: 5–14.
47.
YangMSLiuXBFanJW, et al.Microstructure and wear behaviors of laser clad NiCr/Cr3C2–WS2 high temp-erature self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating. Appl Surf Sci2012; 258: 3757–3762.
48.
LianYSDengJXLiSP, et al.Friction and wear behavior of WS2/Zr self-lubricating soft coatings in dry sliding against 40Cr-hardened steel balls. Tribol Lett2014; 53: 237–246.
49.
DingHHHeCGMaL, et al.Wear mapping and transitions in wheel and rail materials under different contact pressure and sliding velocity conditions. Wear2016; 352: 1–8.
50.
WangYPXiangPCDingHH, et al.Effects of molybdenum addition on rolling contact fatigue of locomotive wheels under rolling-sliding condition. Materials2020; 13: 4282.
51.
MuXPWangWJZhuY, et al.Effects of two laser cladding coatings on wear and damage properties of wheel / rail materials. J Tribol2020; 40: 225–233. (in Chinese).
52.
MengLZhuBBHuQW, et al.Laser-induction hybrid cladding of different coatings on rail surface: microstructure, wear properties and contact fatigue behaviors. Appl Surf Sci2021; 566: 150678.
