Numerous studies of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) considered the sample and mould temperatures as a whole, ignoring their different control effects during ECAP deformation. In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Sn-Zn-Zr (TZK) alloys were investigated after ECAP deformation at different mould and sample temperatures. The results revealed that higher mould temperatures controlled the actual deformation temperatures and lower sample temperatures prevented grain growth during preheating. After ECAP deformation at mould temperature of 300 °C and sample temperature of room temperature, the alloy consisted of abundant dynamical recrystallisation grains, with an elongation of 30% and a strength of 251.49 MPa. This study would provide a novel idea for the optimisation of the ECAP process.
KimSHLeeJUKimYJ, et al.Controlling the microstructure and improving the tensile properties of extruded Mg-Sn-Zn alloy through Al addition. J Alloy Compd2018; 751: 1–11.
2.
LiuHMChenYGZhaoHF, et al.Effects of strontium on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-5 wt.% Sn alloy. J Alloy Compd2010; 504: 345–350.
3.
QingWChenYGXiaoSF, et al.Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Sn-Nd alloys. J Rare Earth2010; 28: 790–793.
4.
FuLLeQCHuWX, et al.Strengths and ductility enhanced by micro-alloying Sm/La/Ca to Mg-0.5Zn-0.2Mn alloy. J Mater Res Technol2020; 9: 6834–6849.
5.
AhmadiSAlimirzalooVFarajiG, et al.Properties inhomogeneity of AM60 magnesium alloy processed by cyclic extrusion compression angular pressing followed by extrusion. T Nonferr Metal Soc2021; 31: 655–665.
6.
JinSZhangDLuXP, et al.Mechanical properties, biodegradability and cytocompatibility of biodegradable Mg-Zn-Zr-Nd/Y alloys. J Mater Sci Technol2020; 47: 190–201.
7.
MendisCLBettlesCJGibsonMA, et al.An enhanced age hardening response in Mg-Sn based alloys containing Zn. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct2006; 435: 163–171.
8.
ZhuoXRZhaoLYGaoW, et al.Recent progress of Mg-Sn based alloys: the relationship between aging response and mechanical performance. J Mater Res Technol2022; 21: 186–211.
9.
SasakiTTOh-ishiKOhkuboT, et al.Enhanced age hardening response by the addition of Zn in Mg-Sn alloys. Scripta Mater2006; 55: 251–254.
10.
ChaiYFJiangBJfS, et al.Improvement of mechanical properties and reduction of yield asymmetry of extruded Mg-Sn-Zn alloy through Ca addition. J Alloy Compd2019; 782: 1076–1086.
11.
ValievRZLangdonTG. Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Prog Mater Sci2006; 51: 881–981.
12.
ValievRZIslamgalievRKAlexandrovIV. Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Prog Mater Sci2000; 45: 103–189.
13.
ShaatM. Effects of processing conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of equal-channel-angular-pressed titanium. Mater Sci Tech-Lond2018; 34: 1149–1167.
14.
SaxenaKKKumarBGuptaA. Effect of processing parameters on equal-channel angular pressing of aluminum alloys: an overview. Mater Today Proc2021; 45: 5551–5559.
15.
LeiWWZhangH. Analysis of microstructural evolution and compressive properties for pure Mg after room-temperature ECAP. Mater Lett2020; 271: 127781.
16.
WangMLiZSHuYB, et al.Effect of extrusion temperature on microstructure, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanism of Mg-2.5Er-0.6Zr alloy. J Mater Res Technol2023; 24: 4685–4697.
17.
Ben-HaroushMBen-HamuGEliezerD, et al.The relation between microstructure and corrosion behavior of AZ80 Mg alloy following different extrusion temperatures. Corros Sci2008; 50: 1766–1778.
18.
RongWZhangYWuYJ, et al.Fabrication of high-strength Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr alloys via differential-thermal extrusion. Mater Charact2017; 131: 380–387.
19.
ZhangYRongWWuYJ, et al.Achieving ultra-high strength in Mg-Gd-Ag-Zr wrought alloy via bimodal-grained structure and enhanced precipitation. J Mater Sci Technol2020; 54: 160–170.
20.
YaoYLinFCuiXL, et al.[Investigation on backward extrusion forming laws of AZ31 magnesium alloy tubular parts under different temperature fields]. J Plast Eng2020; 27: 45–52. Chinese.
21.
KangFLiuJQWangJT, et al.The effect of back pressure on mechanical properties of an Mg-3wt%Al-1wt%Zn alloy with single pass equal channel angular pressing. Int J Mat Res2009; 100: 1686–1690.
22.
FariaCGSilva almeidaNGPaulino AguilarMT, et al.Increasing the work hardening capacity of equal channel angular pressed (ECAPed) aluminum through muti-axial compression (MAC). Mater Lett2016; 174: 153–156.
23.
ManafiBSaeidiM. Development of a novel severe plastic deformation method: friction stir equal channel angular pressing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol2016; 86: 1367–1374.
24.
AhmadiSAlimirzalooVFarajiG, et al.A new modified cyclic extrusion channel angular pressing (CECAP) process for producing ultrafine-grained mg alloy. Trans Indian Inst Met2020; 73: 2447–2456.
25.
XuBQSunJPYangZQ, et al.Microstructure and anisotropic mechanical behavior of the high-strength and ductility AZ91 Mg alloy processed by hot extrusion and multi-pass RD-ECAP. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct2020; 780: 139191.
26.
ChenCHanDSWangMC, et al.The effect of rotary-die equal-channel angular pressing process on the microstructure, the mechanical and friction properties of GW103 alloy. Materials2022; 15: 9005.
27.
LiYHJiangYQXuQ, et al.Achieving single-pass high-reduction rolling and enhanced mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy by RD-ECAP pre-processing. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct2021; 804: 140717.
28.
GuoFFLiYQZhouTS, et al.Hot deformation behavior of a new Mg-Sn-Zn-Zr alloy with high strength and toughness. J Mater Eng Perform2023. doi: 10.1007/s11665-023-08559-0
29.
LiuCYangXHPengJC, et al.In-situ and ex-situ investigation of deformation behaviors of a dual-phase Mg-Ni-Y alloy. Scripta Mater2023; 226: 115264.
30.
MolodovKDAl-SammanTMolodovDA, et al.On the twinning shear of {10-12} twins in magnesium-experimental determination and formal description. Acta Mater2017; 134: 267–273.
31.
LiXWWangJHMaJX, et al.Thermal deformation behavior of Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy based on constitutive relation model and artificial neural network. J Mater Res Technol2023; 24: 1802–1815.
32.
ChenZYaghoobiMSundararaghavanV, et al.The effects of microstructure on deformation twinning in Mg WE43. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct2022; 859: 144189.
33.
DengYCSunWYangY, et al.Effects of Mg2Sn precipitation on the age-hardening and deformation behaviour of a Mg-Sn-Al-Zn alloy. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct2023; 867: 144714.
34.
PanXHWangLFLuPB, et al.Unveiling the planar deformation mechanisms for improved formability in pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet at warm temperature. J Magnes Alloy2022. doi: 10.1016/j.jma.2022.11.010
35.
LvBJWangSGaoFH, et al.{101-2} twin-twin intersection-induced lattice rotation and dynamic recrystallization in Mg-6Al-3Sn-2Zn alloy. J Magnes Alloy2022. doi: 10.1016/j.jma.2022.08.006
36.
HaoMJChengWLWangLF, et al.Texture evolution induced by twinning and dynamic recrystallization in dilute Mg-1Sn-1Zn-1Al alloy during hot compression. J Magnes Alloy2020; 8: 899–909.
37.
HuangKLogéRE. A review of dynamic recrystallization phenomena in metallic materials. Mater Design2016; 111: 548–574.
38.
SahJPRichardsonGJSellarsCM. Grain-size effects during dynamic recrystallization of nickel. Metal Science1974; 8: 325–331.
39.
ChengWLBaiYMaSC, et al.Hot deformation behavior and workability characteristic of a fine-grained Mg-8Sn-2Zn-2Al alloy with processing map. J Mater Sci Technol2019; 35: 1198–1209.
40.
ZhangQLiQAChenXY, et al.Effect of Sn addition on the deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy during hot compression. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct2021; 826: 142026.
41.
GaliyevAKaibyshevRGottsteinG. Correlation of plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization in magnesium alloy ZK60. Acta Mater2001; 49: 1199–1207.
42.
NibERyumNHunderiO. On the Zener drag. Acta Mater1985; 33: 11–22.
43.
YuHSCuiHBXuZC, et al.The microstructure and texture evolution of Mg-5Sn-1Si-0.8 Y alloy during the reciprocating extrusion process (REP). J Alloy Compd2023; 941: 168845.
44.
ZhuLMLiQAChenXY, et al.Effect of Sm on dynamic recrystallization of Mg-8Gd-0.5 Zr alloy during hot compression. J Alloy Compd2021; 865: 158648.
45.
ZhangLZhangHGLiuYZ, et al.Revealing the dynamic recrystallization mechanism, extrusion deformation mechanism, and tensile deformation behavior of Mg-6Al-1Zn-1.1Sc alloy. J Mater Res Technol2023; 23: 5907–5922.
46.
SonHWLeeJCChoCH, et al.Effect of Mg content on the dislocation characteristics and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization during the hot deformation of Al-Mg alloy. J Alloy Compd2021; 887: 161397.
47.
LinBYZhangHMengYP, et al.Deformation behavior, microstructure evolution, and dynamic recrystallization mechanism of an AZ31 Mg alloy under high-throughput gradient thermal compression. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct2022; 847: 143338.
48.
ZhangQLiQAChenXY, et al.Dynamic precipitation and recrystallization mechanism during hot compression of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. J Mater Res Technol2021; 15: 37–51.
49.
GuiYWOuyangLXCuiYJ, et al.Grain refinement and weak-textured structures based on the dynamic recrystallization of Mg-9.80Gd-3.78Y-1.12Sm-0.48Zr alloy. J Magnes Alloy2021; 9: 456–466.
50.
ChengWLTianLWangHX, et al.Improved tensile properties of an equal channel angular pressed (ECAPed) Mg-8Sn-6Zn-2Al alloy by prior aging treatment. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct2017; 687: 148–154.
51.
ChenYAWangYGaoJJ. Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Sn-Zn-Y alloys. J Alloy Compd2018; 740: 727–734.
52.
ErcetinAÖzgünÖAslantasK. Investigation of mechanical properties of Mg5Sn-xZn alloys produced through new method in powder metallurgy. J Test Eval2021; 49: 3506–3518.
53.
ZhongLPWangYJDouYC. On the improved tensile strength and ductility of Mg–Sn–Zn–Mn alloy processed by aging prior to extrusion. J Magnes Alloy2019; 7: 637–647.
54.
SasakiTTElsayedFRNakataT, et al.Strong and ductile heat-treatable Mg-Sn-Zn-Al wrought alloys. Acta Mater2015; 99: 176–186.
55.
ChenXYDaiQLiXC, et al.Icrostructure and tensile properties of friction stir processed Mg-Sn-Zn alloy. Materials2018; 11: 45.
56.
SheJPanFSHuHH, et al.Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-5Sn-1Zn-xAl (x= 1, 3 and 5) alloys. Prog Nat Sci2015; 25: 267–275.
57.
HuTXiaoWLWangF, et al.Improving tensile properties of Mg-Sn-Zn magnesium alloy sheets using pre-tension and ageing treatment. J Alloy Compd2018; 735: 1494–1504.
58.
LuoDXiaNWangHY, et al.Microstructure and tensile properties of new type of hot rolled Mg-3Sn-1Zn alloy sheet at elevated temperatures. Mater Sci Tech-Lond2014; 30: 1305–1308.
59.
ZhangYChenXYLuYL, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-Sn-Zn-Ca alloy with different extrusion ratios. T Nonferr Metal Soc2018; 28: 2190–2198.
60.
KimBBaekSMJeongHY, et al.Grain refinement and reduced yield asymmetry of extruded Mg-5Sn-1Zn alloy by Al addition. J Alloy Compd2016; 660: 304–309.
61.
ChenYJinLLiW, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of as aged Mg–3Sn–1Al and Mg-3Sn-2Zn-1Al alloy.Mater Sci Tech-Lond2015; 31: 73–78.
62.
ChengWLParkSSTangWN, et al.Influence of rare earth on the microstructure and age hardening response of indirect-extruded Mg-5Sn-4Zn alloy. J Rare Earth2010; 28: 785–789.
63.
HouLDLiZZhaoH, et al.Microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of as-extruded biodegradable Mg-3Sn-1Zn-0.5 Mn alloy. J Mater Sci Technol2016; 32: 874–882.
64.
ChangLLTangHGuoJ. Strengthening effect of nano and micro-sized precipitates in the hot-extruded Mg-5Sn-3Zn alloys with Ca addition. J Alloy Compd2017; 703: 552–559.
65.
TangWNParkSSYouBS. Effect of the Zn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of indirect-extruded Mg-5Sn-xZn alloys. Mater Design2011; 32: 3537–3543.
66.
WangYJPengJZhongLP. On the microstructure and mechanical property of as-extruded Mg-Sn-Zn alloy with Cu addition. J Alloy Compd2018; 744: 234–242.
67.
QiaoDGDongSWChenC, et al.Investigation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-Li-Al-Ca alloy after a series of heat treatments. J Mater Res Technol2023; 24: 1162–1176.
68.
YuHLiuYWangDL, et al.Effect of 1 wt.% Bi addition on microstructure and mechanical property of Mg-3Al alloy by twin roll casting and hot rolling. J Mater Res Technol2023; 24: 940–951.
69.
ZhouTSZhangQFLiQQ, et al.A simultaneous enhancement of both strength and ductility by a novel differential-thermal ECAP process in Mg-Sn-Zn-Zr alloy. J Alloy Compd2021; 889: 161653.
