In the media industry, in which public interest has been discussed, the importance of corporate social responsibility is magnified again. There is less literature on how to measure corporate social responsibility in the media industry. This study aims to develop an instrument to measure corporate social responsibility in the media industry. Using data from 253 experts in the communication area, this study verifies the proposed instrument. Results show that corporate social responsibility in the media consists of three major constructs, namely credibility, usefulness and fairness.
AbbottWFMonsenRJ (1979) On the measurement of corporate social responsibility: Self-reported disclosures as a method of measuring corporate social involvement. Academy of Management Journal22 (3):501–515.
2.
AdamsDANelsonRRToddPA (1992) Perceived usefulness, ease of use and usage of information technology: A replication. MIS Quarterly16 (2):227–247.
3.
AltschullHJ (1994) Agents of Power: The media and public policy (2nd ed.) New York, NY: Longman.
4.
AupperleKECarrollABHatfieldJD (1985) An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. The Academy of Management Journal28 (2):446–463.
5.
BerensGRielCBMvBruggenGHv (2005) Corporate associations and consumer product responses: The moderating role of corporate brand dominance. Journal of Marketing69 (3):35–48.
6.
BrikABRettabBMellahiK (2011) Market orientation, corporate social responsibility and business performance. Journal of Business Ethics99 (3):307–324.
7.
BuonoAFNicholasLT (1990) Stockholder and stakeholder of business social role. In HoffmanWMMooreJM (Eds.) Business Ethics.
8.
Cambra-FierroJWilsonAPolo-RedondoYFuster-MurALopez-PerezME (2013) When do firms implement corporate social responsibility? A study of the Spanish construction and real-estate sector. Journal of Management and Organization19 (2):150–166.
9.
CarrollA B (1979) A three dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review4 (4):497–505.
10.
CarrollABShabanaKM (2010) The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews12 (1):85–105.
11.
ChinWWToddPA (1995) On the use, usefulness and esae of structural equation modeling in MIS research: A note of caution. MIS Quarterly19 (2):237–246.
12.
CochranPLWoodRA (1984) Corporate social responsivility and financial performance. Academy of Management Journal27 (1):42–56.
13.
CompeauDRHigginsCA (1995) Computer self-efficacy: development of a measure and initial test. MIS Quarterly19 (2):189–212.
14.
CookTTCampbellD (1979) Quasi-Experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company.
15.
DaubC-HErgenzingerR (2005) Enabling sustainable management through a new multi-disciplinary concept of customer satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing39 (9/10):998–1012.
16.
DavisFD (1989) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly13 (3):319–340.
17.
DavisK (1960) Can business afford to ignore social responsibility. California Management Review2, 70–76.
18.
DonaldsonTPrestonE (1995) T’he stakeholder thoery of the corporation : Concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Journal29 (1):65–91.
19.
El-ShinnawyMMarkusML (1997) The poverty of media richness theory: explaining people’s choice of electronic mail vs. voice mail. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies46 (4):443–467.
20.
FlanaginAMetzgerM (2000) Perception of Internet information credibility. Jounalism and Mass Communication Quarterly77 (3):515–540.
21.
FornellCLarckerDF (1981) Evaluation structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research18 (1):39–50.
22.
GarrigaEMeléD (2004) Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Journal of Business Ethics53 (1–2):51–71.
23.
GilboaE (2005) Effects of global television news on U.S. policy in international conflict. In SeibP. (Ed.): Media and conflict in the twenty-first century (pp. 1–32). New Work: Palgrave Macmillan.
24.
GruningJHuntT (1984) Managing Public Relations. New York: Holt, Renehart and Winston.
25.
HeldV (1970) The Public Interest and Individual Interests. New York: Basic Books.
26.
HendricksonARMasseyPDCronanTP (1993) On the test-retest reliability of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. MIS Quarterly17 (2):227–230.
27.
HouJReberBH (2011) Dimensions of disclosures: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting by media companies. Public Relations Review37 (2):166–168.
28.
HutchinsR (1947) Commission on Freedom of the Press. A Free and Responsible Press. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
29.
IhlenØBartlettJLMayS (eds.) (2011) The Handbook of Communication and Corporate Social Responsibility: Wiley-Blackwell.
30.
JohnsonJL (1971) Business in Contemporary Society. Belmont: Wadsworth.
31.
JoynerBEPayneD (2002) Evolution and implementation: A study of values, business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics41 (4):297–311.
32.
JungIS (2009) Corporate social responsibility of media corporate in the age of convergence between broadcasting and telecommunications. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Korean Association of Communications and Information.
33.
JungSY (2008) Mass media’s social responsibility and accountability: Focusing on Hutchins Report (1947) and media normative theory. Korean Communication and Information Studies47, 23–49.
34.
KahaiSSCooperRB (2003) Exploring the core concepts of media richness theory: the impact of cue multiplicity and feedback immediacy decision quality. Journal of Management Information Systems20 (1):263.
35.
KittyA (1998) Objectivity in journalism. Skeptic6 (1):54–61.
36.
LacySFicoF (1991) Fariness and balance in the prestige press. Journalism Quarterly68 (3):363–370.
37.
LeighRD (ed.) (1974) A Free and Responsible Press: A General Report on Mass Communication: Newspapers, Radio, Motion Pictures, Magazines and Books. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.
38.
LindgreenASwaenV (2010) Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews12 (1):1–7.
39.
LivingstoneSLuntPMillerL (2007) Citizens and consumers: Discursive debates during and after the Communications Act 2003. Media, Culture and Society29 (4):613–638.
40.
LuoXBhattacharyaCB (2006) Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction and market value. Journal of Marketing70 (4):1–18.
41.
MaignanJFerrellOC (2004) Corporate social resposibility and marketing: An integrative framework. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science32 (1):3–19.
42.
MaonFLindgreenASwaenV (2010) Organizational stages and cultural phrases: A critical review and a consolidative model of corporate social responsibility development. International Journal of Management Reviews12 (1):20–38.
43.
McGuireJW (1963) Business and Society. New York: McGraw-Hill.
44.
McQuailD (1983) Mass Communication Theory: an Introduction. London: Sage.
45.
McWilliamsASiegelD (2001) Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review26 (1):117–127.
46.
MeijerM-MKleinnijenhuisJ (2006) Issue news and corporate reputation: Applying the theories of agenda setting and issue ownership in the field of business communication. Journal of Communication56 (3):543–559.
47.
MeyerP (1988) Defining and measuring credibility of newspapers: Developing an index. Journalism Quarterly65, 567–587.
48.
MooreGCBenbaasatI (1991) Development of an instrument to measure the peerceptions of adoption an information technology innovation. Information Systems Research2 (3):192–222.
49.
NunnalyJC (1976) PsychometricTheory. New Work: McGraw Hill.
50.
PalmgreenPRayburnJD (1982) Gratifications sought and media exposure: An expectancy value model. Communication Research9, 561–580.
51.
PalmgreenPWennerLARayburnJD (1981) Gratification discrepancies and news program choice. Communication Research8 (4):451–478.
52.
RosengrenKR (1980) Bias in news : Methods andn concepts. In WilhoitG. C.BockH. d. (Eds.) Mass Communication Review Yearbook (Vol. 1, pp. 249–263). Beverly Hills: Sage.
53.
SchudsonM (2001) The objectivity norm in American journalism. Journalism Quarterly2 (2):149–170.
54.
SegarsAHGroverV (1993) Re-examining perceived ease of use and usefulness: A confirmatory factor analysis. MIS Quarterly17 (4):517–525.
55.
SethiSP (1975) Demensions of corporate social performance: An analytic framework. California Management Review17 (58–64):58.
56.
SeverinWJTankardJW (1997) Communication Theories: Origins, methods and uses in the mass media (4th ed.) New York: Longman.
57.
SiebertFSPetersonTSchrammW (1956) Four Theories of the Press: The authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and Soviet Communist concepts of what the press should be and do. Urbana-Champaign, Il: University of Illinois Press.
58.
SigelmanLWelchS (1993) The contact attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly50 (Winter):459–486.
59.
SmithHJMilbergSJBurkeSJ (1996) Information privacy: Measuring individual’s concerns about organizational practices. MIS Quarterly20 (2):167–197.
60.
StroupMANeubertR (1987) The evolution of social responsibility. Business Horizons30, 22–24.
61.
SuhKS (1999) Impact of communication medium of task performance and satisfaction: An examination of media-richness theory. Information and Management35(5):295–312.
62.
TsalikisJFritzscheDJ (1989) Business ethics: A literature review with a focus on marketing ethics. Journal of Business Ethics8 (9):695–743.
63.
WebsterJMartocchioJJ (1992) Microcomputer playfulness: Development of a measure with workplace implications. MIS Quarterly16 (2):201–226.
64.
WesterstahlJ (1983) Objective news reporting. Communication Research10, 403–424.
65.
WinstonB (2005) Emancipation, the media and modernity: Some reflections on Garnham’s Kantian turn. Media, Culture and Society27 (4):495–509.
66.
WoodDJ (2010) Measuring corporate social performance: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews12 (1):50–84.
67.
WoodDJJonesRE (1995) A theoretical problem in empirical research on corporate social performance. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis3 (3):229–269.
68.
YoumansWLYorkJC (2012) Social media and the activist toolkit: User agreements, corporate interests and the information infrastructure of modern social movements. Journal of Communication62 (2):315–329.
69.
YounSParkA (2008) Public interest and contents regulation of broadcasting in the convergence era. Broadcasting and Telecommunication Studies66, 209–232.
70.
ZyglidopoulosSCGeorgiadisAPCarrollCESiegelDS (2012) Does media attention drive corporate social responsibility?Journal of Business Research65 (11):1622–1627.
