Physical analog models in architectural design

Abstract

The contribution presents design approaches based on analog models and experiments in architecture and science and on the works of Frei Otto and his teams, in particular. Starting with the classification of self-forming processes, three thesis are described to show the influence of the physical experiment on the quality of the design. The first thesis - the design tools define the architecture - opposes T-square and compass versus self-forming physical experiments, tracing back the invention of the grid shell to the search for a tool to define the proper shape of compression stressed shell structures. The second - in working with self-forming processes, the will to design a particular shape is linked to the understanding of the influence of boundary conditions - emphasizes that the use of self-forming processes never holds you from making design decisions. The third - in shapes, defined by self-forming processes, the balance of power according to the principle of minimal energy expenditure results in a harmony of form - reflects on the esthetical quality of shapes, deriving from self-forming processes. The verification is given by an example of evidence: describing the design process for a tent according to the form of a minimal surface the interplay between willful decisions and inherent laws within the shape are show. The choice of suitable boundary conditions results in a shape which does equal justice to the original design ideas and the structural specifications. Finally its shown that the role of physical design models in times of computer-based virtual 3D models appear as three dimensional sketches.