Entrepreneurship: Environmental Forces Which Are Creating Opportunities in China

Abstract

Thomas C.Dandridge is with the department of mangment at the state university of New york at Albany, USA, and David M.Flynn is with the Department of Managment, Hofstra Univerisity, New York State, USA. Recongnising that much of the focus of writing has been on the individual and his or her characteristics which contribute to enterpreneurship, this paper draws attention to the forces which are in the enviornment, and are espcially prevalent in china ad the emergence of private enterprise there. sponsorship, social infrasture, and foreign investment are described as threee major influences. Changes in decision control have permitted new perspectives within sponspership schools and science technology are parts of the social infrastructure which have changed; types of foreign investment are described and the potentials change they foster are noted.

Furthermore, these forces for change in the enviornemnt are discussed relative tothe basic conflict between cultural values and enviornemental remains.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Behrman, J. N. (1970), National Interests and the Multinational Enterprise. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Buck, P. (1980), American Science and Modern China, 1876-1936. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chen, G. M. (1984), "Business Formation and Investment in the Minority Community'". In Bingham, R. D. , and Blair, J. P. (Eds.), Urban Economic Development. Beverly Hills, CA.: pp 79-98.

Chen, A. , Madsen, R. , and Unger, J. (1984), Chen Village. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Chow, G. C. (1987), "Development of a More Market-Oriented Economy in China". Science, 235, pp 295-299.

Cohen, P. A. (1984), Discovering History in China. New York: Columbia University Press.

Eckstein, A. (1977), China's Economic Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Europa Yearbook (1986), Volumes 1 and 2. London: Europa Publications.

Flynn, D. M. , and Falbe, C. M. (1986), "Sponsorship, Infrastructure and New Organisations; Exploration of an Ecological Model in Six Regions". Proceedings, Eastern Academy of Management, pp 162-166.

10.

Golstein, S. M. , Sears, K. , and Bush, R. C. (1984), The People's Republic of China. A Basic Handbook. NY: Council of International and Public.

11.

Huan, G. (1986), "China's Open Door Policy, 1978-1984'7 Journal of International Affairs, 39, 2, pp 1-18.

12.

Jian, S. (1985), "Reforms and Open Policy in China". Science, 229, 4713, pp 525-527.

13.

Kirlin, J. (1984), "A Political Perspective". In Miller, T. (Ed.). Public Sector Performance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

14.

Kuhn, T. S. (1970), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

15.

McClelland, D. C. (1961), The Achieving Society. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

16.

Nelson, R. G. , and Langlois, R. N. (1983), "Industrial Innovation Policy: Lessons from American History". Science, 219, pp 814-818.

17.

Premus, R. (1982), Location of High-Technology Firms and Regional Economic Development. Joint Economic Committee of Congress. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

18.

Ram, R. (1986), "Government Size and Economic Growth: A New Framework and Some Evidence from Cross-Section and Time Series Data". American Economic Review, 76, 1, 191-203.

19.

Rawski, T. G. (1980), "Choice of Technology and Technological Innovation in China's Economic Development". In Dernberger, R. F. (Ed.). China's Development Experience in Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp 191-228.

20.

Richter, M. N. (1982), Technologyand Social Complexity. Albany: State University of New York Press.

21.

Richter, M. N. (1980), The Autonomy of Science. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing.

22.

Rostow, W. W. (1960), The Stages of Economic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.

23.

Sangren, P. S. (1984), "Traditional Chinese Corporations: Beyond Kinship". Journal of Asian Studies, 43, 3, pp 391-415.

24.

Shapiro, J. , and Heng, L. (1985), "China: How Much Freedom?". New York Reviewof Books, 32, 16, pp 14-16.

25.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1961), The Theory of Economic Development. New York: Oxford University Press.

26.

Simon, D. F. (1985), "China's S&T Intellectuals in the Post-Mao Era: A Retrospective and Prospective Glimpse". Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 4, 2, pp 57-82.

27.

Shinohara, M. (1985), "Trends and Dynamics of East and Southeast Asia Economies". Asian Development Review, 3, 1, pp 54-78.

28.

Stewart, C. T. (1985), "Comparing Japanese and US Technology Transfer to Less Developed Countries". Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 4, 1, pp 3-19.

29.

Womack, B. (1984), "Modernisation and Democratic Reform in China". Journal of Asian Studies, 43, 3, pp 417-439.