ORAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG ADULTS IN MAKHACHKALA IN 1999 AND 2015

Abstract

Previous studies such as the National Oral Heath Survey (1999) have indicated that the prevalence of oral diseases among adults in Dagestan Republic and its capital Makhachkala was high.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among 35-44- year-olds living in Makhachkala over a 16-year period.

Methods: Fifty 35-44-year-olds living in Makhachkala were randomly selected and examined for oral health status in 2015. The individuals all gave informed consent and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of th Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. An oral health examination was performed by calibrated dentists according to WHO criteria (2013). Dental caries prevalence was scored using DMFT. Periodontal status was evaluated using CPI. All teeth present in the mouth were examined for absence or presence of gingival bleeding, dental calculus and periodontal pockets. The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases were compared to results from the year 1999. The survey was cross-sectional. The t-test was used to compare differences in mean scores. Results: The prevalence of caries was 100% in 1999 and 98% in 2015. Mean DMFT values decreased from 14.9±0.98 in 1999 to 12.1±0.84 in 2015 (p<0.05). The mean number of decayed teeth decreased from 6.73±0.66 in 1999 to 4.80±0.57 in 2015 (p<0.05); an even more significant decrease was observed in mean numbers of missing teeth from 4.81±0.45 in 1999 to 2.56±0.28 in 2015 (p<0.001). The mean number of filled teeth increased from 3.35±0.44 to 4.74±0.50 (p<0.05). The prevalence of periodontal diseases CPI score > 1 was 100% in 1999 and 98% in 2015. The number of adults with gingival bleeding (CPI = 1) and dental calculus (CPI = 2) increased over a 16-year period from 4% to 30% and from 52% to 58%, respectively. At the same time, prevalence of periodontal pockets (CPI = 3 or 4) decreased from 44% in 1999 to 12% in 2015. The number of sextants with CPI scores > 1 decreased from 5.61±0.53 in 1999 to 4.68±0.42 in 2015 (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Results of the study showed a significant decrease in dental caries and periodontal diseases prevalence among a group of 50, 35-44- year-olds in Makhachkala from 1999 to 2015. The analysis of data can be used as a baseline for planning strategy of oral diseases prevention for adults in this region as well as serving as a database for further monitoring of oral health status in this region.