Areca chewing among Sri Lankan adolescents

Amarasinghe H.K. Usgodaarachchi U.S. Johnson N.W. Lalloo R. Warnakulasuriya S. (2010): Betel-quid chewing with or without tobacco is a major risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders in Sri Lanka: a case-control study. Oral Oncology 46, 297-301.

Bennett S. Woods T. Liyanage W.M. (1991): Simplified gen- eral method for cluster-sample survey in developing countries. Health Statistics Quarterly 44, 98-106.

Chiba I. (2001): Prevention of betel quid chewers’ oral cancer in the Asian-Pacific area. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Preven- tion 2, 263-269.

Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka, DCS (2002): Head count index and population below poverty line by DS Divisions- Sri Lanka. Colombo: DSC.

Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka, DCS (2011): Sri Lanka Census of Population and Housing 2011. www.statistics. gov.lk/pophousat/cph2011/index.php?filename=pop31&gp=activities&tpl=3

Farrand R. Ro R.M. Johnston A. Murdoch H. (2001): Preva- lence, age of onset and demographic relationships of different areca nut habits amongst children in Tower Hamlets, London. British Dental Journal 189, 150-154.

Farrand P. Rowe R. (2006): Areca nut use amongst South Asian schoolchildren in Tower Hamlets London: The extent to which the habit is engaged in within the family and used to suppress hunger. Community Dental Health, 23, 58-60.

Gupta P.C. Warnakulasuriya S. (2002): Global epidemiology of areca nut usage. Addiction Biology 7, 77-83.

Gupta P. Ray C.S. (2004): Epidemiology of betel quid usage. An- nals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore 33(Suppl), 33s-36s.

International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC (2004): Evalu- ation of carcinogenic risks to humans: 35, 45, Betel-quid and areca-nut chewing and some areca-nut derived nitrosoamines. Lyon: WHO IARC.

Khandelwal A. Khandelwal V. Saha M.K. Khandelwal S. Prasad S. Saha S.G. (2012): Prevalence of areca nut chewing in the middle school-going children of Indore, India. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 3, 155-157.

Lee C-H. Ko A.M-S. Warnakulasuriya S. Yin B-L. , Sunarjo, Zain, R.B., Ibrahim, SO., Liu, Z-W., Li, W-H., Zhang, S-S., Kuntoro, Utomo, B., Rajapakse, PS., Warusavithana, SA., Razak, I.A., Abdullah, N., Shrestha, P., Kwan, A-L., Shieh, T-Y., Chen, M-K. and Ko, Y-C. (2010): Intercountry prevalence and practices of betel-quid use in south, southeast and eastern Asia regions and associated oral preneoplastic disorders: an international collaborative study by Asian betel-quid consortium of south and east Asia. International Journal of Cancer 129, 1741-1751.

Madathil S.A. Rousseau M-C. Allison P. Netuveli G. Hum- phris , G.M., Varghese, I., Shiraz, S., Castonguay, G., Thek- kepurakkal, A-S., Shahul, H.P. and Nicolau, B. (2015): Maternal and paternal contribution to intergenerational psychosocial transmission of paan chewing. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 43, 289-297.

Milgrom P. Tut O.K. Gilmatam J. Galllen M. and Chi , D.L. (2013): Areca use among adolescents in Yap and Pohnpei, the Federated States of Micronesia: Harm Reduction Journal 10, 26.

Mirza S.S. Shafique K. Arain M.I. (2011): Areca nut chewing and dependency syndrome: is the dependence comparable to smoking? A cross sectional study. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention and Policy 6, 23.

Oakley E. Demaine L. Warnakulasuriya S. (2005): Areca (betel) nut chewing habit among high-school children in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Micronesia). Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, 656-660.

Paavola M. Vartiainen E. Puska P. (1996): Predicting adult smoking: the influence of smoking during adolescence and smoking among friends and family. Health Education Research 11, 309-315.

Prabhu N.T. Warnakulasuriya A.A.S. Gelbier S. and Robin- son, P.G. (2011): Betel quid chewing among Bangladeshi adolescents living in East London. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 11, 18-24.

Qidwai W. Ishaque S. Shah S. Rahim M. (2010): Ado- lescent lifestyle and behaviours: a survey from a developing country. Plos One 5, e12914

Shafique K. Zafar M. Ahmed Z. Khan N.A. Mughal M.A. Imtiaz F. (2013): Areca nut chewing and metabolic syndrome: evidence of a harmful relationship. Nutrition Journal 12, 67.

Shah S.M.A. Merchant A.T. Luby S.P. Chotani R.A. (2002): Addicted school children: Prevalence and characteristics of areca nut chewers among primary school children in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 38, 507-510.

Sharan RN. Mehrotra R. Choudhury Y. Asotra K. (2012): Association of betel nut with carcinogenesis: revisit with a clinical perspective. Plos One 7, e42759.

Tiwari R.V. Megalamanegowdru J. Gupta A. Agrawal A. Parakh A. Pagaria S. Sahu A. (2014): Knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco use and its impact on oral health status of 12 and 15year-old school children of Chhat- tisgarh, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 15, 10129-10135.

Tsai W.C. Wu M.T. Wang G.J. Lee K.T. Lee CH. Lu Y.H. Yen H.W. Chu C.S. Chen Y.T. Lin T.H. Su H.M. Hsu P.C. Cheng K.H. Duh T.H. Sheu S.H. Lai W.T. (2012): Chewing areca nut increases the risk of coronary artery disease in Taiwanese men: a case-control study. BMC Public Health 12, 162.

Wang S-C. Tsai C-C. Huang S-T. and Hong, Y-J. (2003): Betel nut chewing and related factors in adolescent students in Taiwan. Public Health 117, 339-345.

Wang S-C. Tsai C-C. Huang S-T. and Hong, Y-J. (2004): Betel nut chewing: The prevalence and the intergenerational effect of parental behavior on adolescent students. Journal Adolescent Health 34, 244-249.