In this article the writer outlines how difficulties in the design and layout of tabular and diagrammatic materials in printed text can cause difficulties (1) for readers of these materials when they are record ing them on tape, and (2) for the listeners to the resulting tapes.
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References
1.
Clements, D.H. (1986), Effects of Logo and CAI environments on cognition and creativity, Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 309-318.
2.
COTIS (Confederation of Tape Information Services)
3.
Guidance Notes for Readers (Basic).
4.
Guidance Notes on Basic Recording Technique.
5.
Notes for Readers (Computing).
6.
COTIS Notes on Graphs, Tables, Maps, Illustrations and Diagrams. Hints on Improving your Reading Skills (summary notes on workshop held at RNIB Express Reading Service by Gretel Davis and Peter Townsend).
7.
How to Get the Best out of Your Equipment (summary notes of a workshop held at the COTIS AGM, October 1989).
8.
COTIS materials are available from the COTIS Project Office, 79 High Street, Tarporley, Cheshire, CW6 OAB.
9.
Ehrenberg, A.S.C. (1977), Rudiments of numeracy, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , A, 140 , 227-297 .
10.
Hartley, J. (1985), Designing Instructional Text (2nd edition). London: Kogan Page.
11.
Hartley, J. (1988), Using principles of text design to improve the effectiveness of audiotapes, British Journal of Educational Technology, 19, 1, 4-16.
12.
National Braille Association (1979), Tape Recording Manual (3rd edttion), National Library Services for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, Washington DC, USA .
13.
Otto, F. (1989), Pointers for reading print to tape, Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, February, 119-120.
14.
Parkin, A.J. and Aldrich, F.K. (1987), How can studying from tape be made easier?New Beacon , LXXI, 847, 340-341.
15.
Parkin, A.J. and Aldrich, F.K. (1989), Improving learning from audiotapes — a technique that works, British Journal of Visual Impairment, VII, 2, 58-60.
16.
Stevens, R.J. (1988), Effects of strategy training on the identification of the main idea of expository passages, Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 21-26.
