Handwriting as a motor activity

Abstract

Computer-based handwriting exercises were developed for students with handwriting difficulties, but normal vision, in 1976. These exercises were subsequently adapted for blind students by using the computer to translate visual information concerning pen movements and letter shapes into tactile and auditory form. The computer can also transform this information into a magnified visual display suitable for visually impaired students. Good results from the computer exercises have been obtained with both visually impaired and blind students, who after a period of training with computer guidance have been able to write fluently in freehand. These successes provide further evidence for the extent to which handwriting is a motor activity.