Factors influencing adherence to glaucoma medication and treatment among patients in Hail,Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Medication adherence and access to care are critical for managing glaucoma and preventing visual impairment. This study investigates factors influencing adherence and access among glaucoma patients in Hail, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 116 adults diagnosed with glaucoma. Participants were recruited using an online questionnaire developed following an extensive literature review and expert consultations. The questionnaire collected data on bio-demographic characteristics, clinical factors, medication adherence, cognitive health, and barriers to care. The majority of participants were aged 51–70 years (37.9%) and female (54.3%). Nearly half had below secondary education (44%), and 66.4% were unemployed. Most participants (75%) were prescribed multiple eye drops, and 72.4% reported always adhering to their medication regimen. Common barriers to adherence included side effects (29.3%) and forgetfulness (29.3%). Factors associated with higher adherence included older age, male gender, multiple medication prescriptions, and recent doctor visits (p < .05). Medication adherence among glaucoma patients in Hail is influenced by demographic, clinical, and cognitive factors, as well as barriers to accessing care. Interventions targeting identified challenges, such as improving patient education, addressing side effects, and enhancing access to medical services, could promote better adherence and outcomes.