This article reports on the exchange of ideas at an international conference in San Francisco in April 2005 on the definition, diagnosis and terminology of a condition which is at present variously described as cerebral, cortical or cognitive visual impairment (CVI). Some symptoms are listed, and the condition is compared with, and distinguished from, other visual impairments.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Colenbrander, A. (2005) ‘Thoughts about the Classification of CVI’. Unpublished conference proceedings. CVI Summit San Francisco, 30.04.2005, Smith-Kettlewell-Institute for Eye Research.
2.
Dutton, G.N. , Ballantyne, J. , Boyd, G. , Bradman, M. , Day, R.E. , McCulloch, D.L. , Mackie, R. , Philips, S. & Saunders, K. (1996) ‘Cortical Visual Dysfunction in Children’ , Eye10(3): 302–309 .
3.
Ferell, K.H. (2000) ‘Growth and Development of Young Children’, in Holbrook, M.L. et al. (eds) Foundations of Education, 2nd edn, Vol. 1, pp. 111–134. New York: American Foundation for the Blind .
4.
Frebel, H. (2003) CVI in der frühen Kindheit – eine empirische Studie. [CVI in early childhood]. unveröffentlichte Staatsexamensarbeit: Universität Dortmund .
5.
Good, W.V. , Jan, J.E. , Burden, S.K. , Skoczenski, A. & Candy, R. (2001) ‘Recent Advances in Cortical Visual Impairment’ , Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology43(1): 56–60 .
6.
Groenveld, M. , Jan, J.E. & Leader, P. (1990) ‘Observations on the Habilitations of Children with Cortical Visual Impairment’ , Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness January: 11–15 .
7.
Grüter, M. (2004) Genetik der kongenitalen Prosopagnosie. Diss. Münster. [Genetics of the congenital prosopagnosia]. Retrieved 20 February 2006 from http://miami.unimuenster.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-1445/diss_martina_grueter.pdf
8.
Grüter, M. (no year) Prosopagnosie. Merkblatt für pädagogische Berufe [Prosopagnosia: A paper for pedagogues]. Retrieved 27 May 2005 from http://www.prosopagnosie.de/kinder_PABroschure.pdf
9.
Huo, R. , Burden, S.K. , Hoyt, C.S. & Good, W.V. (1999) ‘Chronic Cortical Visual Impairment in Children: Aetiology, Prognosis, and Associated Neurological Defects’ , British Journal of Ophthalmology83(6): 670–675 .
10.
Hyvärinen, L. (2000) How to Classify Paediatric Low Vision? Retrieved 25 May 2005 from www.leatest.fi/en/assessme/cracow.html
11.
Hyvärinen, L. (n.d.) Lea-Test Ltd. Retrieved 25 May 2005 from www.lea-test.fi
12.
Jacobson, L. , Lundin, S. , Flodmark, O. & Ellstrom, K.G. (1998) ‘Periventricular Leukomalacia Causes Visual Impairment in Preterm Children. A Study on the Aetiologies of Visual Impairment in a Population Based Group of Pre-term Children Born 1989–95 in the Country of Varmland, Seweden’ , Acta Ophthalmology Scandinavica76(5): 593–598 .
13.
Jacobson, L. , Ek, U. , Ygge, J. & Warburg, M. (2004) ‘Visual Impairment in Children with Brain Damage: Towards a Diagnostic Procedure?’Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology46(1): 67–68 .
14.
Jan, J.E. , Groenveld, M. , Sykanda, A.M. & Hoyt, C.S. (1987) ‘Behavioural Characteristics of Children with Permanent Cortical Visual Impairment’ , Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology29(5): 571–576 .
15.
Jan, J.E. , Lyons, C.J. , Heaven, R. & Matsuba, C. (2001) ‘Visual Impairment Due to Dyskinetic Eye Movement Disorder in Children with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy’ , Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology43(2): 108–112 .
16.
Jan, J.E. , Good, W.V. & Hoyt, C.S. (2004) An International Classification of Neurological Visual Disorders in Children. Retrieved 26 May 2005 from http://www.aph.org/cvi/articles/jan_1.html
17.
Krägeloh-Mann, I. (2001) ‘Klassifikation, Epidemiologie, Pathogenese und Klinik’ [Classification, epidemiology, pathology clinics], in F. Heinen (ed.) Das Kind und die Spastik. Erkenntnisse der Evidence-Based-Medicine zur Cerebralparese[Child and spasticity. Experience from the evidence-based-medicine concerning cerebral palsy], pp. 37–47. Bern: Huber .
18.
Niedernolte, I. (2002) ‘CVI im Kindesalter. Eine ökopsychologische Annäherung’ [CVI in children. An eco-psychological approach]. Unpublished dissertation. University of Dortmund.
19.
Porro, G. , Dekker, E.M. , van Nieuwenhuizen, O. , Wittebol-Post, D. , Schilder, M.B. , Schenk-Rootlieb, A.J. & Treffers, W.F. (1998) ‘Visual Behaviours of Neurologically Impaired Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment: An Ethological Study’ , British Journal of Ophthalmology82(11): 231–235 .
20.
Walthes, R. (2003a) Einführung in die Blinden – und Sehbehindertenpädagogik[Introduction to education science for people with blindness and visual impairment]. München, Basel: Reinhardt .
21.
Walthes, R. (2003b) ‘Symptomatik, Ätiologie und Diagnostik bei Beeinträchtigungen der visuellen Wahrnehmung’ [Pathology, aetiology and diagnostics of visual perception], in A. Leonhardt and F. Wember (eds) Grundfragen der Sonderpädagogik. Bildung, Erziehung, Behinderung. Weinheim, Basel [Basic questions concerning special education science], pp. 349–375. Berlin: Beltz .
22.
Whiting, S. , Jan, J.E. , Wong, P.K. , Flodmark, O. , Farrell, K. & McCormick, A.Q. (1985) ‘Permanent Cortical Visual Impairment in Children’ , Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology27(6): 730–739 .
23.
WHO (1980) International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. A Manual of Classification Relating to the Consequences of Disease. Geneva: WHO .
24.
Zihl, J. & Priglinger, S. (2002) Sehstörungen bei Kindern. Diagnostik und Frühförderung[Visual impairment in children: Dianostics and early intervention]. Wien, New York: Springer .
