This paper explores conceptualisations of ‘success’ by men on Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentence licence screened into the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway. ‘Success’ was defined as a process of having ‘survived’ the perceived injustices associated with the IPP sentence. Participants’ discussed ‘internal factors’ enabling them to make use of ‘external facilitators’ of self-change; ‘success’ was embedded in the development of interpersonal relationships with professionals. We propose a model of reciprocal anxiety existing within the criminal justice system in relation to the management of individuals on IPP sentence.
AnnisonH (2018) Tracing the Gordian knot: indeterminate-sentenced prisoners and the pathologies of English penal politics. The Political Quarterly89(2): 197–205.
2.
BrownAP (2003) From individual to social defences in psychosocial criminology. Theoretical Criminology7(4): 421–437.
3.
CobbinaJE (2010) Reintegration success and failure: factors impacting reintegration among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated women. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation49(3): 210–232.
4.
ConwayZ (2014) David Blunkett ‘regrets injustices’ for indeterminate sentences. BBC Newsnight. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26561380(accessed 23 November 2020).
CrosswaiteSFreestoneMRamsdenJ (2020) Indefinite detention or supervision for public protection when a life sentence is not available: pathway outcomes among prisoners in one region. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health30(2–3): 95–104.
EatoughVSmithJA (2008) Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In: WilligCStainton-RogersW (eds) The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research in Psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 193–211.
13.
FellowesE (2014) ‘What’s needed as part of probation practice when working with personality disordered offenders? The importance of avoiding errors of logic’ – a practitioner response. Probation Journal61(2): 192–199.
14.
FellowesE (2018) The ultimate shock absorber: probation officers’ experience of working with male service users on the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway. Probation Journal65(2): 152–169.
15.
GraffamJShinkfieldALavelleB, et al. (2004) Variables affecting successful reintegration as perceived by offenders and professionals. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation40( 1–2): 147–171.
16.
HeidemannGCederbaumJAMartinezS (2016) Beyond recidivism: how formerly incarcerated women define success. Affilia31(1): 24–40.
HinshelwoodR (1993) Locked in role: a psychotherapist within the social defence system of a prison. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry4(3): 427–440.
19.
HinshelwoodRD (1996) Changing prisons: the unconscious dimension. In: CordessCCoxM (eds) Forensic Psychotherapy: Crime, Psychodynamics and the Offender Patient (Vol. 1: Mainly Theory). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, pp. 465–474.
20.
HopeNHWakefieldMANortheyL, et al. (2018) The association between locus of control, emotion regulation and borderline personality disorder features. Personality and Mental Health12(3): 241–251.
21.
House of Commons (2019) Sentencing of Imprisonment for Public Protection: Briefing Paper (6086).
JacobsonJHoughM (2010) Unjust Desserts: Imprisonment for Public Protection. London: The Prison Reform Trust.
25.
JaquesE (1955) Social systems as a defence against persecutory and depressive anxiety. In: KleinMHeimannPMoney-KyrleRE (eds) New Directions in Psycho-Analysis. London: Tavistock Publications; New York, NY: Basic Books, pp. 478–498.
26.
LarkinMThompsonAR (2012) Interpretative phenomenological analysis in mental health and psychotherapy research. In: HarperDThompsonAR (eds) Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy: A Guide for Students and Practitioners. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, pp. 101–116.
27.
LarkinMWattsSCliftonE (2006) Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology3(2): 102–120.
LieblingA (2011) Moral performance, inhuman and degrading treatment and prison pain. Punishment and Society13(5): 530–550.
30.
LieblingAArnoldH (2004) Prisons and Their Moral Performance: A Study of Values, Quality, and Prison Life. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
31.
LieblingAHulleySCreweB (2011) Conceptualising and measuring the quality of prison life. In: GaddDKarstedtSMessnerSF (eds) The SAGE Handbook of Criminological Research Methods. London: Sage Publications, pp. 358–372.
32.
LieblingALawsBLieberE, et al. (2019) Are hope and possibility achievable in prison?The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice58(1): 104–126.
33.
LieblingAPriceD (2001) The Prison Officer, Leyhill: Prison Service and Waterside Press.
34.
McMurranM (2002) Motivation to change: selection criterion or treatment need. In: McMurranM (ed.), Motivating Offenders to Change: A Guide to Enhancing Engagement in Therapy. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 3–13.
35.
Menzies-LythI ([1959] 1988) The functioning of social systems as a defence against anxiety: a report on a study of the nursing service of a general hospital. In: Menzies-LythI (ed.), Containing Anxiety in Institutions, Selected Essays: Volume 1. London: Free Association Books, pp. 43–85.
36.
MerolaM (2015) Young offenders’ experiences of an indeterminate sentence. Journal of Forensic Practice17(1): 55–68.
NurseJWoodcockPOrmsbyJ (2003) Influence of environmental factors on mental health within prisons: focus group study. British Medical Journal327(7413): 480.
42.
PietkiewiczISmithJA (2014) A practical guide to using interpretative phenomenological analysis in qualitative research psychology. Psychological Journal20(1): 7–14.
RamsdenJJoyesEGordonN, et al. (2016) How working with psychologists has influenced probation practice: attempting to capture some of the impact and the learning from the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway project. Probation Journal63(1): 54–71.
45.
RutherfordM (2008) Imprisonment for public protection: genesis and mental health implications. Mental Health Review Journal13(2): 47–55.
SaundersMLewisPThornhillA (2012) Research Methods for Business Studies Students. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.
48.
SmartS (2018) Too Many Bends in the Tunnel? Women Serving Indeterminate Sentences of IPP – What Are the Barriers to Risk Reduction, Release and Resettlement?London: The Griffins Society.
SmithJA (1995) Idiography and the case study. In: SmithJAHarreRVan LangenhoveL (eds) Rethinking Psychology. London: Sage, pp. 59–69.
51.
SmithJAOsbornM (2015) Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. British Journal of Pain9(1): 41–42.
52.
SolomonALGouvisCWaulM (2001) Summary of Focus Group with Ex-Prisoners in the District: Ingredients for Successful Reintegration. Washington, DC: Urban Institutes Justice Policy Center. Available at: http://webarchive.urban.org/UploadedPDF/410492_ExPrisoners.pdf(accessed 6 February 2020).
53.
TurpinGBarleyVBeailN, et al. (1997) Standards for research projects and theses involving qualitative methods: suggested guidelines for trainees and courses. Clinical Psychology Forum108: 3–7.
54.
TyrerPDugganCCooperS, et al. (2015) The lessons and legacy of the programme for dangerous and severe personality disorders. Personality and Mental Health9(2): 96–106.
WillmotPGordonN (2011) Working Positively with Personality Disorder in Secure Settings: A Practitioner’s Perspective. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
57.
WoodHBoltonWLovellK, et al. (2014) Meeting the challenge, making a difference: working effectively to support people with personality disorder in the community. Department of Health. Available at: http://repository.tavistockandportman.ac.uk/864/(accessed 18 April 2019).
