This article examines how female probation officers working with high risk offenders experience gender in their work. The research, conducted in 2006 with female probation officers in London, reveals the ways in which the officers perceive gender to feature in their work with high risk men, how they use gender to inform their practice and the nature of personal impact of this work.
Chan, W. and G.S. Rigakos (2002) `Risk, Crime and Gender', British Journal of Criminology42(4): 743—61.
2.
Connell, R.W. and J.W. Messerschmidt (2005) `Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept', Gender and Society19(6): 829—59.
3.
Dominelli, L. (1991) Gender, Sex Offenders and Probation Practice. Norwich: Novata Press.
4.
Heidensohn, F. (1992) Women in Control? The Role of Women in Law Enforcement . Oxford: Oxford University Press .
5.
Heidensohn, F. (1996) Women and Crime. London: Macmillan Press.
6.
Home Office (2004) Probation Statistics 2002. London: Home Office Research Development and Statistics.
7.
Home Office (2006) URL (accessed May 2006): http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/
8.
Johnstone, M. (1999) `Men, Masculinity and Offending: Developing Gendered Practice in the Probation Service', Probation Journal46(1): 10—15.
9.
Kennedy, H. (1992) Eve was Framed: Women and British Justice. London: Chatto and Windus.
10.
Knox, J. (1990) `A Prison Perspective', in K. Cavanagh and V.E. Cree, Working with Men: Feminism and Social Work, pp. 9—27. London: Routledge.
11.
Lancaster, R. (1996) `Working with Men who Sexually Abuse Children: The Experience of the Probation Service', in B. Featherstone, J. Hearn and C. Toft (eds) Violence and Gender Relations: Theories and Interventions, pp. 130—45. London: Sage.
12.
Lancaster, E. (1998) `Feminist Theory and Probation Practice', Probation Journal45(4): 208—12.
13.
Nicholas, S., D. Povey, A. Walker and C. Kershaw (2005) Crime in England and Wales 2004/2005, Home Office Statistical Bulletin. London: Home Office.
14.
Scully, D. (1990) Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists. London: Unwin Hyman.
15.
Stanko, E.A. (1985) Intimate Intrusions: Women's Experience of Male Violence. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
16.
Stanko, E.A. (1990) Everyday Violence: How Women and Men Experience Sexual and Physical Danger. London: Pandora Press.
17.
Stanko, E.A. (1994) `Challenging the Problem of Men's Individual Violence ', in T. Newburn and E.A. Stanko (eds) Just Boys Doing Business: Men, Masculinities and Crime. London: Routledge.
18.
Teft, P. (1999) `Work with Men who are Violent to their Partners: Time to Re-assert a Radical Pro-feminist Analysis', Probation Journal46(1): 11—18.
19.
Walby, S. and J. Allen (2004) Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault and Stalkings: Findings from the British Crime Survey, Home Office Research Development and Statistics. London: Home Office .
20.
Worrall, A. (1990) Offending Women: Female Law-breakers and the Criminal Justice System. London: Routledge .
21.
Wright, L. and H. Kemshall (1994) `Feminist Probation Practice: Making Supervision Meaningful', Probation Journal41(2): 73—80.
22.
Zimmer, L.E. (1986) Women Guarding Men. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.