The authors use data collected in Scotland to investigate differences between individuals entering drug treatment in prison and those entering drug treatment outside the prison setting. They also explore variations between male and female drug-using prisoners. Their findings suggest that prison drug services should be more tailored to the specific needs of both their male and female clients.
Anglin, M. , Brecht, M. & Maddahian, E. (1989) ‘Pre-treatment Characteristics and Treatment Performance of Legally Coerced versus Voluntary Methadone Maintenance Admissions’ , in Criminology21: 537-557 .
2.
Borrill J. , Maden, A. , Martin, A. , Weaver, T. , Stimson, G. , Farrell, M. , Barnes, T. , Burnett, R. , Miller, S. & Briggs, D. (2003a) The Differential Substance Misuse Treatment Needs of Women, Ethnic Minorities and Young Offenders in Prison. URL (accessed November 2003): http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk
3.
Borrill, J. , Maden, A. , Martin, A. , Weaver, T. , Stimson, G. , Farrell, M. , Barnes, T. , Burnett, R. , Miller, S. & Briggs, D. (2003b) ‘Substance Misuse Among White and Black/Mixed Race Female Prisoners’, in M. Ramsay, Prisoners’ Drug Use and Treatment: Seven Research Studies. London, Home Office Research Study 267: Chapter Four . http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk
4.
Brochu, S. , Guyon, L. & Desjardins, L. (1999) ‘Comparative Profiles of Addicted Adult Populations in Rehabilitation and Correctional Services’ , in Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment16 (2): 173-182 .
5.
Brooke, D. , Taylor, C. , Gunn, J. & Maden, A. (2000) ‘Substance Misuse as a Marker of Vulnerability Among Male Prisoners on Remand’ , in British Journal of Psychiatry1777: 248-251 .
6.
Cabinet Office (1998) Tackling Drugs to Build a Better Britain. London: Cabinet Office .
7.
Farabee, D. , Nelson, R. & Spence, R. (1993) ‘Psychosocial Profiles of Criminal Justice and Non-criminal Justice Referred Substance Abusers in Treatment’ , in Criminal Justice and Behaviour20 (4): 336-346 .
8.
Gossop, M. , Darke, S. , Griffiths, P. , Hando, J. , Powis, B. , Hall, W. & Strang, J. (1995) ‘The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS): Psychometric Properties of the SDS in English and Australian Samples of Heroin, Cocaine and Amphetamine Users’ , in Addiction90: 607-614 .
9.
Hanlon, T. , Nurco, D. , Kinlock, T. & Duszynski, K. (1990) ‘Trends in Criminal Activity and Drug Use over an Addiction Career’ , in American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse16 (3-4): 223-238 .
10.
Henderson, D. (1998) ‘Drug Abuse and Incarcerated Women’ , in Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment15 (6): 579-587 .
11.
HMIPS (HM Inspectorate of Prisons for Scotland) (2001) Report on HMP and YOI: Cornton Vale. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/hmip/docs/corntonvale
12.
Information and Statistics Division (ISD) (2003) Drug Misuse Statistics Scotland 2001/2002. Edinburgh: NHS, Scotland .
13.
Kline, A. (1997) ‘Profiles of Criminal-justice Clients in Drug Treatment: Implications for Intervention’ , in Addictive Behaviors22 (2): 263-268 .
14.
Kothari, G. , Marsden, J. & Strang, J. (2002) ‘Opportunities and Obstacles for Effective Treatment of Drug Misusers in the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales’ , in British Journal of Criminology42: 412-432 .
15.
Koulierakis, G. , Gnardellis, C. , Agrafiotis, D. & Power, G. (2000) ‘HIV Risk Behaviour Correlates Among Injecting Drug Users in Greek Prisons’ , in Addiction95 (8): 1207-1216 .
16.
Langan, N. & Pelissier, B. (2001) ‘Gender Differences among Prisoners in Drug Treatment’ , in Journal of Substance Abuse13 (3): 291-301 .
17.
Maden, A. , Swinton, M. & Gunn, J. (1994) ‘Psychiatric Disorder in Women Serving a Prison Sentence’ , in British Journal of Psychiatry164: 44-54 .
18.
Marshall, T. , Simpson, D. & Stevens, A. (2000) Health Care in Prisons: A Health Care Needs Assessment. London: Department of Health .
19.
Neale, J. (2002) Drug Users in Society. Basingstoke: Palgrave .
20.
Nelles, J. , Fuhrer, A. & Hirsbrunner, H. (1999) ‘How Does Syringe Distribution in Prison Affect Consumption of Illegal Drugs by Prisoners?’ , in Drugs and Alcohol Review18: 133-138 .
21.
Pelissier, B. , Camp, S. , Gaes, G. , Saylor, W. & Rhodes, W. (2003) ‘Gender Differences in Outcomes from Prison-based Residential Treatment’ , in Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment24 (2): 149-160 .
22.
Peters, R. , Strozier, A. , Murrin, M. & Kearns, W. (1997) ‘Treatment of Substance Abusing Jail Inmates - Examination of Gender Differences’ , in Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment14 (4): 339-349 .
23.
Peugh, J. & Belenko, S. (1999) ‘Substance-involved Women Inmates: Challenges to Providing Effective Treatment’ , The Prison Journal79 (1): 23-44 .
24.
Redondo, S. , Sanchez-Meca, J. & Garrido, V. (1999) ‘The Influence of Treatment Programmes on the Recidivism of Juvenile and Adult Offenders: A European Meta-analytic Review’ , in Psychology, Crime and Law5 (3): 251-278 .
25.
Ryan, C. & White, J. (1996) ‘Health Status at Entry to Methadone Maintenance Treatment using the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire’ , Addiction91: 39-45 .
26.
Saville, E. (2003) Treatment Provision in a Scottish Prison: A Qualitative Case Study. Unpublished report. Glasgow: Centre for Drug Misuse Research .
27.
Seaman, S. , Brettle, R. & Gore, S. (1998) ‘Mortality from Overdose Among Injecting Drug Users Recently Released from Prison: Database Linkage Study’ , in British Medical Journal316: 426-428 .
28.
Shewan, D. , Hammersley, R. , Oliver, J. & MacPherson, S. (2000) ‘Fatal Drug Overdose after Liberation from Prison: A Retrospective Study of Female Ex-prisoners from Strathclyde Region (Scotland)’ , Addiction Research8 (3): 267-278 .
29.
Scottish Prison Service (SPS) (2000) Partnership and Co-ordination: SPS Action on Drugs - Revised Guidance on the Management of Drug Misuse in Scotland’s Prisons. Edinburgh: Scottish Prison Service .
30.
Wallen, J. (1992) ‘A Comparison of Male and Female Clients in Substance Abuse Treatment’ , Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment9: 243-248 .
31.
Wellisch, J. , Anglin, M. & Prendergast, M. (1993) ‘Numbers of and Characteristics of Drug Using Women in the Criminal Justice System: Implications for Treatment’ , The Journal of Drug Issues23 (1): 7-30 .
32.
Yang, S. (1990) ‘The Unique Treatment Needs of Female Substance Abusers in Correctional Institutions: The Obligation of the Criminal Justice System to Provide Parity of Services’ , Medicine and Law9: 1018-1027 .