The environment acquis are, by common consent, amongst the most technically and politically demanding that a state aspiring to EU membership must transpose. SEE states confront a major ‘gap’ between the policies and institutions they have and what they must achieve. Transposition requires the creation of policy networks involving a broad range of state and non-state actors. This paper examines the efforts of Croatia and Macedonia to adapt to EU environmental policy. Using social network analysis the paper focuses on institutional creation and evolution and argues that effective governance depends on the prior creation of effective hierarchies. Networks exist but capacities and capabilities are in short supply and this reinforces the centre and government over civil society.
BieberF (2013) EU Conditionality in the Western Balkans, London: Routledge
2.
BörzelT (2002) “Member state responses to Europeanization”. Journal of Common Market Studies40(2): 193–214
3.
BörzelT A (2013) “When Europeanization hits limited statehood: the Western Balkans as a test case for the transformative power of Europe”. In: ElbasaniA (ed.) European Integration and Transformation in the Western Balkans. Europeanization or Business as Usual?, London: Routledge, pp. 173–184
4.
BrandesUErlebachT (2005) Network Analysis: Methodological Foundations, Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
5.
BreigerR L (2004) “The analysis of social networks”. In: HardyMBrymanA (eds) Handbook of Data Analysis, London: Sage, pp. 505–526
6.
CarringtonP SScottJWassermanS (2005) Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis, New York: Cambridge University Press
7.
CEC, 2001a, European Governance. A White Paper. COM (2001) 428 final. Brussels, 27 July 2001
8.
CEC, 2001b, Proposal for a Council Decision Concerning the Signature of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement Between the European Community and Its Member States and the Republic of Croatia on Behalf of the European Community COM(2001) 271 final. Brussels
9.
CEC, 2004, Opinion on Croatia's Application for Membership of the European Union COM(2004) 371 final. Brussels, 20 April 2004
10.
CEC, 2005, Analytical Report for the Opinion on the Application from the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia for EU Membership SEC(2005) 1425. Brussels, 9 November 2005
11.
CEC, 2008, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2008 Progress Report SEC(2008) 2695. Brussels, 5 November 2008
CEC, 2009b, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2009 Progress Report SEC(2009) 1355. Brussels, 14 October 2009
14.
CEC, 2011, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2011 Progress Report SEC(2011) 1203. Brussels, 12 October 2011
15.
CohenL JLampeJ R (2011) Embracing Democracy in the Western Balkans. From Post-conflict Struggles Toward European Integration, Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center/Johns Hopkins University Press
16.
DEC (2003) Environmental Assessment of Development Strategies, Zagreb: Delegation of the European Commissionwww.delhrv.cec.ev.int
17.
DEC (2004) Capacity Strengthening Measures for the Croatian Environmental Agency, Zagreb: Delegation of the European Commissionwww.delhrv.cec.ev.int
18.
DowdingK A (1995) “Model or metaphor? A critical review of the policy network approach”. Political Studies43: 136–158
19.
ElbasaniA (2013) European Integration and Transformation in the Western Balkans. Europeanization or Business as Usual?, London: Routledge
20.
GrabbeH (2006) The EU's Transformative Power. Europeanization Through Conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan
21.
MEPP (1997) National Environmental Action Plan: Synthesis Report, Skopje: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
22.
MEPP (2004) National Environmental Action Plan: Synthesis Report, Skopje: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
23.
MEPP (2008) National Strategy for Environmental Approximation, Skopje: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
24.
Mungiu-PippidiA (2010) “Europeanization of South-East Europe. The final act?”. In: van MeursWMugiu-PippidiA (ed.) Ottomans into Europeans. State and Institution Building in South Eastern Europe, London: C. Hurst & Company, pp. 305–319
25.
NoutchevaG (2012) European Foreign Policy and the Challenges of Balkan Accession. Conditionality, Legitimacy and Compliance, London: UACES/Routledge
26.
OJ, 2006, Council Decision of 20 February 2006. 2006/145/EC
27.
PolsbyN W (1980) Community Power and Political Theory: A Further Look at Problems of Evidence and Inference, 2nd enlarged. New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press
28.
SchimmelfennigF (2008) “EU political accession conditionality after the 2004 enlargement: consistency and effectiveness”. Journal of European Public Policy16(6): 918–937
29.
SchimmelfennigFSedelmeierU (2005) “Introduction: conceptualising the Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe”. In: SchimmelfennigFSedelmeierU (eds) The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, pp. 1–29
30.
TaylorAGeddesALeesC (2012) The European Union and South East Europe. The Dynamics of Europeanization and Multi-level Governance, London: UACES/Routledge
31.
TraunerF (2011) The Europeanisation of the Western Balkans. EU Justice and Home Affairs in Croatia and Macedonia, Manchester: Manchester University Press
32.
VachudovaM (2005) Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage and Integration After Communism, Oxford: Oxford University Press
33.
VinkM PGrazianoP (2007) “Challenges of a new research agenda”. In: VinkM PGrazianoP (eds) Europeanization. New Research Agendas, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan
