This paper focuses upon the theme of management development for headship. It sets out a context framed by a series of management development initiatives for education currently being launched by the Teacher Training Agency. In this, priority has been given to the development of a National Professional Qualification for Headship. The author claims that this major national policy innovation ought to be welcomed but needs to be understood in the light of the history of national policy on school management training, in order to identify the conditions most likely to promote the success of the latest initiative. It presents an analytical and semi-historical account of developments in theory, research, policy and practice in this area.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Al-Khalifa, E.
, Hall, V. and McMahon, A. (1993) Equal Opportunities in School Management. Bristol: NDCEMP, School of Education, University of Bristol.
2.
Bailey, A.J.
(1987) Support for School Management. Beckenham: Croom Helm.
3.
Ball, S.
(1990) Politics and Policy Making in Education: Explorations in Policy Sociolology. London: Routledge.
4.
Bolam, R.
(1986) `The National Development Centre for School Management Training', in E. Hoyle and A. McMahon (eds) The Management of Schools: World Yearbook of Education 1986. London: Kogan Page.
5.
Bolam, R.
(1990) `The Management and Development of Staff', in R. Saran and V. Trafford (eds) Research in Education Management and Policy: Retrospect and Prospect. Lewes: The Falmer Press.
6.
Bolam, R.
(1994) `The Impact of Research on Policy and Practice in Continuing Professional Development', British Journal of In-service Education20(1): 35-46.
7.
Bolam, R.
, McMahon, A., Pocklington, K. and Weindling, R. (1993) Effective Management in Schools. London: HMSO.
8.
Bolam, R.
, McMahon, A., Pocklington, K. and Weindling, R. (1995) `Mentoring for New Headteachers: The British Experience', Journal of Educational Administration33(5): 29-44.
9.
Bolman, L.G.
and Deal, T. (1984) Modern Approaches to Understanding and Managing Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
10.
Burke, J.
, ed. (1995) Outcomes, Learning and the Curriculum: Implications for NVQs, GNVQs and Other Qualifications. London: The Falmer Press.
11.
Burridge, E.
and Ribbins, P. (1993) Improving Education: Promoting Quality in Schools. London: Cassell.
12.
Bush, T.
(1986) Theories of Educational Management. London: Paul Chapman.
13.
Bush, T.
, Coleman, M. and Glover, D. (1993) `Managing Grant-Maintained Primary Schools', Educational Management and Administration21(2): 69-78.
14.
Busher, H.
and Saran, R. (1994) `Towards a Model of School Leadership', Educational Management & Administration22(1): 5-13.
15.
Coleman, M.
(1996) `The Management Style of Female Headteachers', Educational Management & Administration24(2): 163-174.
16.
Cooper, B.
and Boyd, W. (1987) `The Evolution of Training for School Administrators', in Murphy and Hallinger, 1987.
17.
Culbertson, J.
(1988) `A Century's Quest for a Knowledge Base', in N.J. Boyan (ed.) Handbook of Research on Educational Administration. London: Longman.
18.
Daresh, J.C.
and Playko, M.A. (1992) The Professional Development of School Administrators: Pre-Service, Induction and In-Service Applications. London: Allyn and Bacon.
19.
Department of Education and Science
(1990) Developing School Management: The Way Forward. A Report by the School Management Task Force. London: HMSO.
Dunning, G.
(1993) `Managing the Small Primary School: The Problem Role of the Teaching Head', Educational Management & Administration21(2): 79-89.
22.
Earley, P.
(1992) `Developing Competence in Schools: A Critique of Standards-Based Approaches to Management Development', Educational Management & Administration21(4): 233-244.
23.
Earley, P.
(1993) The School Management Competences Project. (3 vols) Crawley, Sussex: School Management South.
24.
Elliott, J.
(1991) `Competency-Based Training and the Education of the Professions: Is a Happy Marriage Possible?' in J. Elliott, Action Research for Educational Change. Buckingham: Open University Press.
25.
Eraut, M.
(1993) `The Characterisation and Development of Professional Expertise in School Management and in Teaching', Educational Management & Administration22(1): 223-232.
26.
Eraut, M.
(1994) Developing Professional Knowledge and Competence. London: The Falmer Press.
27.
Evers, C.W.
and Lakomski, G. (1993) `Justifying Educational Administration', Educational Management & Administration21(3): 140-152.
28.
Evers, C.W.
and Lakomski, G. (1994) `Greenfield's Humane Science', Educational Management & Administration22(4): 260-269.
29.
Fullan, M.
(1982) The Meaning of Educational Change. New York: Columbia University Press.
30.
Gane, V.
and Morgan, A. (1992) Managing Headteacher Appraisal. London: Paul Chapman.
31.
General Teaching Council
(1993) The Continuing Professional Development of Teachers. London: General Teaching Council.
32.
Glatter, R.
(1972) Management Development for the Education Profession. London: Harrap.
33.
Grace, G.
(1995) School Leadership: Beyond Education Management. London: Falmer.
34.
Grady, N.
, Macpherson, M. and Mulford, B. (1995) `Problem-Based Learning in Educational Administration Through Block Delivery Modes', International Studies in Educational Administration23(1): 58-64.
35.
Gray, H.L.
(1997) `Problems in Helping Head Teachers to Learn About Management', Educational Management & Administration15(1): 35-42.
36.
Gray, J.
and Wilcox, B. (1995) `Good School, Bad School': Evaluating Performance and Encouraging Improvement. Buckingham: Open University Press.
37.
Griffiths, D.
(1988) `Administrative Theory', in N.J. Boyan (ed.) Handbook of Research on Educational Administration. London: Longman.
Hall, V.
(1996) Dancing on the Ceiling. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Limited.
40.
Hallinger, P., ed. (1992) `School Leadership Development: Evaluating a Decade of Reform', Education and Urban Society (special issue) 24(3): 299-432.
41.
Hallinger, P.
and Wimpelberg, R. (1992) `New Settings and Changing Norms for Principal Development', The Urban Review24(1): 1-21.
42.
Hargreaves, D.
and Hopkins, D. (1991) The Empowered School. London: Cassell.
43.
Hart, A.W.
and Bredeson, P.V. (1996) The Principalship: A Theory of Professional Learning and Practice. London: McGraw-Hill.
44.
Hart, A.W.
and Weindling, D. (1996) `Developing Successful Leaders', in Leithwood, 1996.
45.
Hart, A.W.
, Bredeson, P.V., Marsh, L.S. and Scribner, J.P. (1996) Problem-Solving Errors of Educational Leaders. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Education Research Association in New York. Salt Lake City: University of Utah, College of Education (mimeo).
46.
Harvey, M.
(1994) `Empowering the Primary School Deputy Principal', Educational Management & Administration22(1): 26-38.
47.
Hayes, D.
(1995) `The Primary Head's Tale: Collaborative Relationships in a Time of Rapid Change', Educational Management & Administration23(4): 233-244.
48.
Hodgkinson, C.
(1991) Educational Leadership: The Moral Art. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
49.
Hodgkinson, C.
(1995) `How not to Schweigen (a Response to my Colleagues)', Educational Management & Administration23(2): 135-140.
50.
Hopes, C.
, ed. (1986) The School Leader and School Improvement: Case Studies from Ten OECD Countries. Leuven, Belgium: ACCO.
51.
Hoyle, E.
(1986) The Politics of School Management. London: Routledge.
52.
Hoyle, E.
and McMahon, A., eds (1986) The Management of Schools: World Yearbook of Education 1986. London: Kogan Page.
53.
Hughes, M.G.
(1975) `Research Report: The Innovating School Head: Autocratic Initiator or Catalyst of Cooperation?'Educational Administration4(1): 29-45.
54.
Hughes, M.G.
(1982) `Professional Development Provision for Senior Staff in Schools and Colleges', Educational Management & Administration10(1): 1-16.
55.
Hughes M.G.
(1984) `Educational Administration: Pure or Applied?', Studies in Educational Administration35: 1-10.
56.
Jenkins, H.
and Stenning, R. (1995) `Higher Education and the Dilemma of Management Development', International Studies in Educational Administration23(1): 38-45.
57.
Jirasinghe, D.
and Lyons, G. (1996) The Competent Head: A Job Analysis of Head's Tasks and Personality Factors. London: Falmer Press.
58.
Johnston, J.
and Pickersgill, S. (1993) `Personal and Inter-Personal Aspects of Effective Team-Oriented Headship in the Primary School', Educational Management & Administration20(4): 239-248.
59.
Joyce, B.
and Showers, B. (1988) Student Achievement through Staff Development. London: Longman.
Lambert, K.
(1977) `Review of Lyons [1976]'Educational Administration5(2): 64-65.
62.
Leithwood, K.
, ed. (1996) International Handbook for Educational Leadership and Administration. Leuven: Kluwer Press.
63.
Leithwood K.
, Hallinger P. and Murphy, J., eds (1993) Cognitive Perspectives on Educational Leadership. New York: Teachers College Press.
64.
Lomax, P.
and Darley, J. (1995) `Inter-School Links, Liaison, and Networking: Collaboration or Competition', Educational Management & Administration23(3): 148-161.
65.
Lyons, G.
(1976) Heads' Tasks: A Handbook of Secondary School Administration. Slough: NFER.
66.
McHugh, R.
and Parkes, D. (1978-9) `Editorial: European Edition', Educational Administration7(1): pp. i-iv.
67.
McMahon, A.
(1995) Action Research for School Managers. Bristol: NDCEMP, School of Education, University of Bristol.
68.
McMahon, A.
and Bolam, R. (1990) Management Development and Educational Reform: A Handbook for LEAs. London: Paul Chapman.
69.
Macpherson, R.J.S. `Mac'
(1993) `Administrative Reform in the Antipodes: Self-Managing Schools and the Need for Educative Leadership', Educational Management & Administration21(1): 40-52.
70.
Martin, Y.
(1993) `Sex-Role Orientation, Coping Strategy and Prospective Women Administrators', Educational Management & Administration21(2): 123-129.
71.
Maw, J.
(1996) `The Handbook for the Inspection of Schools: Models, Outcomes and Effects', in Ouston et al., 1996: 22-32.
72.
Morgan, C.
, Hall, V. and Mackay, H. (1983) The Selection of Secondary School Headteachers. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
73.
Morgan, G.
(1986) Images of Organisation. London: Sage Publications.
74.
Mortimore, P.
, Sammons, P., Stolle, L., Lewis, D. and Ecob, R. (1988) School Matters: The Junior Years. Wells, Somerset: Open Books.
75.
Murphy, J.
(1990) Preparing School Administrators for the Twenty-First Century: The Reform Agenda. Occasional Paper No 2. Nashville: The National Center for Educational Leadership, George Peabody College of Education, Vanderbilt University.
76.
Murphy, J.
and Hallinger, P., eds (1987) Approaches to Administrative Training in Education. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
77.
OECD
(1989) Schools and Quality: An International Report. Paris: OECD.
78.
OFSTED
(1995) The OFSTED Handbook: Guidance on the Inspection of Nursery and Primary Schools. London: HMSO.
79.
Oliver, J.
(1992) The NEAC Competency-based Assessment for Heads and Deputies. (mimeo) Oxford: NEAC, Oxford Brookes University.
80.
Ouston, J.
(1993) `Management Competences, School Effectiveness and Education Management', Educational Management & Administration21(4): 212-222.
81.
Ouston, J.
, Earley, P. and Fidler, B., eds (1996) OFSTED Inspections: the Early Experience. London: David Fulton Publishers.
82.
Parkay, F.W.
and Hall, G.E., eds (1992) Becoming a Principal: The Challenge of Beginning Leadership. Allyn and Bacon, London.
83.
Peterson, K.D.
(1987) `Research, Practice and Conceptual Models: Underpinning of a Principals' Institute', in Murphy and Hallinger, 1987.
84.
Pocklington, K.
and Weindling, R. (1996) `Promoting Reflection on Headship through the Mentoring Mirror', Educational Management & Administration24(2): 175-192.
85.
Reynolds, D.
and Cuttance, P., eds (1992) School Effectiveness: Research Policy and Practice. London: Cassell.
86.
Reynolds, D.
, Hopkins, D. and Stoll, L. (1993) `Linking School Effectiveness Knowledge and School Improvement Practice: Towards a Synergy', School Effectiveness and School Improvement4(1): 37-58.
87.
Ribbins, P.
and Sherratt, B. (1992) `Managing the Secondary School in the 1990s: A New View of Headship', Educational Management & Administration20(3): 151-160.
88.
Ribbins, P.
, Glatter, R., Sinikins, T. and Watson, L., eds (1991) Developing Educational Leaders. Harlow: Longman/BEMAS.
89.
Richmond, J.
(1996) `Quantitative Measures of Secondary School Performance Using School Level Data', Educational Management & Administration24(2): 151-162.
90.
Rutter, M.
, Maughan, B., Mortimore, P. and Ouston, J. (1979) Fifteen Thousand Hours: Secondary Schools and their Effects on Children. London: Open Books.
91.
Saran, R.
and Trafford, V., eds (1990) Research in Education Management and Policy: Retrospect and Prospect. Lewes: The Falmer Press.
92.
Schon, D.A.
(1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Towards a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions. London: Jossey Bass.
93.
School Curriculum and Assessment Authority
(1994) Value-Added Performance Indicators for Schools. London: SCAA.
94.
Smedley, D.
(1995) `Marketing Secondary Schools to Parents-Some Lessons from Research on Parental Choice', Educational Management & Administration23(2): 96-103.
95.
Smith, I.
(1993) `Space Invaders Managing the Primary School Environment', Educational Management & Administration21(1): 26-29.
96.
Stego, N.E.
, Gielen, K., Glatter, R. and Hord, S.M., eds (1987) The Role of School Leaders in School Improvement. Leuven, Belgium: ACCO.
97.
Stoll, L.
and Mortimore, P. (1995) School Effectiveness and School Improvement: Viewpoint 2. London: Institute of Education, University of London (mimeo).
98.
Teacher Training Agency
(1995) HEADLAMP: An Initiative to Support Newly Appointed Headteachers. London: Teacher Training Agency (Pamphlet).
99.
Teacher Training Agency
(1996) National Professional Qualification for Headship. London: Teacher Training Agency (mimeo: papers relating to the invitation to bid).
100.
Thomas, H.
and Bullock, A. (1992) `School Size and Local Management Funding Formulae', Educational Management & Administration20(1): 30-39..
101.
van der Pitte, M.
(1993) `Hodgkinson on Leadership and Philosophy', Educational Management & Administration21(4): 249-254.
102.
van Velzen W.
, Miles, M., Ekholm, M., Hameyer, U. and Robin, D., eds (1985) Making School Improvement Work. Leuven, Belgium: ACCO.
103.
van Wieringen, A.M.L.
, ed. (1992) Training for Educational Management in Europe. Academic Book Centre, Die Lier, the Netherlands.
104.
von Hayek, F.
(1976) Laws, Legislation and Liberty (Vol. 2). London: Routledge.
105.
Walker, W.
, Farquar, R. and Hughes, M., eds (1991) Advancing Education: School Leadership in Action. The Falmer Press, London.
106.
Wallace, M.
(1991) School Centred Management Training. London: Paul Chapman.
107.
Wallace, M.
and Hall, V. (1989) `Management Development and Training for Schools in England and Wales: An Overview', Educational Management & Administration17(4): 180-192.
108.
Wallace, M.
and Hall, V. (1994) Inside the Senior Management Team. London: Paul Chapman.
109.
Walker, G.
(1996) Inspection Under Section 9 of the Education (Schools) Act 1992: School Number 90114502. London: OFSTED.
110.
Weindling, D.
, Earley, P. and Baker, L. (1994-5) `Secondary Headship: Ten Years On'. A series of eight articles in Managing Schools Today4: 1-8.
111.
Weindling, R.
and Earley, P. (1987) Secondary Headship: The First Years. Windsor: NFER/Nelson.
