Manchester’s Contribution to the Development of the Rubber Industry

1.History of the Rubber Industry, edited by Schidrowitz P. Dawson T.R. , 1952 Dawson T.R. , Chronology of Rubber History

2. d'Anghiera P.M. , 1530, Opus Epistolarum

3. Torquemada F.J. , 1615

4. de la Condamine C.M. , 1736, introduces word “caoutchouc” to describe samples sent to Paris. Fresneau C.F., 1747 discovered Hevea Brasiliensas in French Guiana. Note. These points were announced by Condamine to the French Academy in Paris in 1751

5. Priestley J. , Theory and Practice of Perspective, 1770

6. Jones F. , History of the Rubber Industry, Chapter 1

7. Makepeace C.E. , Science and Technology in Manchester. Two Hundred Years of the Lit. and Phil., 1984

8. Professors Charles and Robert made ascensions in balloon made with silk coated envelopes from rubber dissolved in turpentine filled with H

9. BP 1751, 1790

10. Clow N.L. Clow A. , Chemistry and Industry, 1943, 104

11. Syme J. , Annals of Philosophy, Glasgow, 1818

12. Macintosh C. , BP 4804, 1823

13. White J.L. , Charles Macintosh of Glasgow: His Enterprises and the Foundation of the Rubber Industry, Journal IRI, Vol. 8, No. 4, August 1974, 148

14. Hancock T. , Personal narrative of the Origin and progress of the Caoutchouc or India-Rubber Manufacture in England, 1857

15.Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1993, 321

16. Clark S. , Industrial Archaeology Review, Vol. 2, Number 3, 1978

17. 1837 Hancock became full partner in Charles Macintosh &Co.

18. 1838 Fire at Charles Macintosh &Co. factory - the Birley textile factory was unaffected

19. Atkin J.R. , Michelin Tyre Company Ltd., Stoke-on-Trent, Private Communication to J.M. Buist, 28th May 1974

20. 1832, T.R. Dawson, History of the Rubber Industry, 1952, page xiv

21. Twiss D.F. , History of the Rubber Industry, 1952, 118

22. Faraday M. , Lectures at Royal Institution, London

23. Goodyear C. , 1836, Treated surface of rubber with nitric acid, “(Acid gas process)”

24. Goodyear C. 240 USP , Acid gas process for vulcanising rubber

25. Hayward N. 1090 USP , Patent for solarisation of rubber with sulphur

26. Goodyear C. , Gum Elastic

27. Brockendon (Partner of Flancock) showed Hancock pieces of rubber from America, unaffected by cold, solvents, heat or oils and applied the word vulcanisation to this transformation

28. Hancock T. , BP 9952, 1843 enrolled 21.5.1844

29. Goodyear C. , USP 3633, 15.6.1844, Patented Vulcanisation

30. Lunn R.W. , History of the Rubber Industry, 1952, 23

31. Parkes A. , BP 9807, 1843, Use of carbon disulphide as solvent

32. Parkes A. , BP 11147, 1846, Vulcanisation with S2C12 in CS.

33. Parkes A. , Contributions to developing the plastics industry

34. Buist J.M. , Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1986, 17

35. Parris W.A. , Chapter 26 in History of the Rubber Industry Manchester’s Contribution to the Development of the Rubber Industry