Abstract
Foaming of wood-fiber/plastic composites (WPC) with a fine-celled structure can offer benefits such as improved ductility and impact strength, lowered material cost, and lowered weight, which can improve their utility in many applications. However, foaming of WPC is still a poorly understood art. This paper presents a review of material published, which address the various critical issues particularly in extrusion foaming of WPC, and the proposed processing techniques and strategies, for producing artificial wood with enhanced properties.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Schut J.H.
Plastics Technology , July, (2001 ).
2.
Matuana L.M.
,
Park C.B.
, and
Balatinecz J.J.
Polym. Eng. Sci. , 37 , No. 7 , 1137 (1997 ).
3.
Matuana L.M.
,
Park C.B.
, and
Balatinecz J.J.
Cellular Polymers , 17 , No. 1 , 1 (1998 ).
4.
Lu John Z.
,
Wu Qinglin
, and
Negulescu Ioan I.
J. of Appl. Polym. Sci. , 96 , No. 1 , 93 (2005 ).
5.
Maldas D.
, and
Kokta B.V.
Polym. Eng. Sci. , 31 , No. 18 , 1351 (1991 ).
6.
Maldas D.
, and
Kokta B.V.
J. of Appl. Polym. Sci. , 41 , No. 1–2 , 185 (1990 ).
7.
Kokta B.V.
,
Maldas D.
,
Daneault C.
, and
Béland P.
J. of Vinyl and Additive Technol. , 12 , No. 3 , 146 (1990 ).
8.
Raj R.G.
,
Kokta B.V.
,
Maldas D.
, and
Daneault C.
J. of Appl. Polym. Sci. , 37 , No. 4 , 1089 (1989 ).
9.
Myers G.E.
,
Kolosic P.C.
,
Chahyadi I.
,
Coberly C.A.
,
Koutsky J.A.
, and
Ermer D.S.
Proceedings of Material Research Society Symposium , 197 , 67 (1990 ).
10.
Park C.B.
,
Behravesh A.H.
, and
Venter R.D.
Polym. Eng. Sci. , 38 , No. 11 , 1812 (1998 ).
11.
Haygreen J.G.
, and
Bowyer J.L.
Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction Ames : Iowa State University Press (1996 ).
12.
Marra A.A.
Technology of Wood Bounding: Principles in Practice Van Nostrand Reinhold (1992 ).
13.
Rizvi G.M.
,
Park C.B.
,
Lin W.S.
,
Guo G.
, and
Pop-Iliev R.
Polym. Eng. Sci. , 43 , No. 7 , 1347 (2003 ).
14.
Yushkova S.M.
,
Tager A.A.
,
Potepalova S.N.
,
Mozzhukhin V.B.
, and
Bogatkinn S.K.
Plast.Massy , 12 , 38 (1987 ).
15.
Clemons C.
Forest Products Journal , 52 , 6 (2000 ).
16.
Guo G.
,
Rizvi G.M.
,
Park C.B.
, and
Lin W.S.
J. of Appl. Polym. Sci. , 91 , 621 (2004 ).
17.
Guo G.
,
Wang K.H.
,
Rizvi G.M.
,
Kim Y.S.
, and
Park C.B.
PPS-20 , Paper #105, Akron, Ohio, June 20–24, 2004
18.
Rizvi G.M.
,
Matuana L.M.
, and
Park C.B.
Polym. Eng. Sci. , 40 , No. 10 , 2124 (2000 ).
19.
Zhang H.
,
Rizvi G.M.
,
Lin W.S.
,
Guo G.
, and
Park C. B.
SPE, ANTEC, Technical Papers , 47 , 1746 (2001 ).
20.
Matuana L.M.
, and
Mengeloglu F.
J. of Vinyl and Additive Technol. , 8 , 264 (2002 ).
21.
Rizvi G.M.
,
Park C.B.
,
Guo G.
, and
Wang K.H.
SPE, ANTEC, Technical Papers , Paper #1041, 2003 (2003 ).
22.
Naguib H.E.
,
Park C.B.
, and
Reichelt N.
J. of Appl. Polym. Sci. , 91 , No. 4 , 2661 (2004 ).
23.
Guo G.
,
Lee Y.H.
,
Rizvi G.M.
, and
Park C.B.
SPE, ANTEC, Technical Papers , Paper #102038, Boston, MA, May 1–5, 2005.
24.
Bledzki A.K.
, and
Faruk O.
SPE, ANTEC, Technical Papers , Paper #154 (2002 ).
25.
Bledzki A.K.
, and
Faruk O.
Cellular Polymers , 21 , 417 (2002 ).
26.
Bledzki A.K.
,
Zhang W.
, and
Faruk O.
Wood Science and Technology , 63 (1 ), 30 (2005 ).
27.
Bledzki A.K.
,
Gassan J.
, and
Zhang W.
J of Cellular Plastics , 35 , 550 (1990 ).
28.
Bledzki A.K.
, and
Faruk O.
SPE, ANTEC, Technical Papers , 2665 –2669 , 2004 .
29.
Ciferri A.
, and
Ward I.M.
Ultra-High Modulus Polymers , Applied Science Publishers , London (1979 ).
30.
Zachariades A.E.
, and
Porter R.S.
The Strength and Stiffness of Polymers , Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York (1983 ).
31.
Coates P.D.
, and
Ward I.M.
Polym. Eng. Sci. , 21 , 612 (1981 ).
32.
Maine F.W.
Patent WO 01/45915 A1.
33.
Kim Y.S.
,
Guo G.
,
Wang K.H.
,
Park C.B.
, and
Maine F.W.
SPE, ANTEC, Technical Papers , Paper #809, May 16–19 (2004 ).
34.
Kim Y.S.
,
Guo G.
, and
Park C.B.
Foams 2004 , Wilmington, DE, October 5–6, 2004.
35.
Guo G.
,
Wang K.H.
,
Park C.B.
,
Kim Y.S.
, and
Li G.
SPE, ANTEC, Technical Papers , Paper #520, May 16–19, (2004 ).
36.
Guo G.
,
Lee Y.H.
,
Park C.B.
,
Kim Y.S.
, and
Sain M.
Natural Fiber and Wood Composites 2004 , New Orleans, Louisiana, December 8–10, 2004 .
