This article presents a test of Clément's model of second language proficiency using the causal modelling technique. Data pertaining to attitudes, aptitude, motivation and second language proficiency were collected from 1,180 francophone students enrolled in grades 7, 9 and 11 in schools of eastern Québec (Canada). The results of the analysis using the LISREL V computer package support the hypothetical constructs and causal sequence posited by Clément. Furthermore, the generality of the model is supported by the cross-grade replicability of the obtained statistical solution. Finally, additional causal links and correlations obtained through refinement of the model suggest avenues for future study. These results are discussed within the context of current social psychological models of second language proficiency.
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